复三维电极生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中的硝酸盐

研究了以无烟煤和以颗粒活性炭为介质的复三维电极电化学-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中硝酸盐的工艺，该工艺将复三维电化学产氢与以氢气为电子供体的自养反硝化工艺结合起来.实验表明，两种介质的反应器在不加任何有机基质时都能有效地脱除水中的硝酸盐，并且两种反应器的最大电流效率分别达到204％和185％.在水力停留时间不小于2.1—2.5h时，反应器的脱硝率接近100％.在34℃、槽压4.97V时处理21.4mg(NO     

淮安某县农村饮用水源中优控污染物的筛选研究

在对淮安某县农村饮用水源中的污染物检测分析的基础上,采用潜在危害指数法与综合评分法对水源中检出的包括重金属在内的59种污染物进行优先排序.研究结果显示,潜在危害指数法与综合评分法各有利弊,可根据实际情况选择合适的筛选方法.综合两种方法的筛选结果,淮安某县农村饮用水源中优控污染物为Cd、Hg、Pb、Ni、Cr、As、Cu、苯并(a)芘、五氯联苯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、四氯化碳,研究结果为该地区农村饮用水源的管理提供了指导方向.     

电气石负载聚氨酯泡沫作为生物载体强化2,4,6-三氯酚还原

2,4,6-三氯酚在环境中广泛分布,是典型的持久性有机污染物.脱卤呼吸菌能还原分解氯酚,使其毒性大大降低,继而被其他微生物氧化分解并矿化.然而脱卤呼吸菌在自然环境中丰度较低,代谢速率慢,对电子利用能力较差,因此传统的生物添加或生物激活等原位修复方法往往导致效能受限,可应用性差.本研究驯化富集了具有稳定厌氧还原脱氯2,4,6-三氯酚能力的混合菌群,在添加乙酸钠（5 mmol·L^-1）和氢气（10 mL）的情况下,在6 d内将2,4,6-三氯酚还原脱卤为4-氯酚.研究采用聚氨酯泡沫作为生物载体材料,在聚氨酯泡沫表面负载电气石,发现在无氢气额外添加的情况下,2,4,6-三氯酚的还原脱氯速率提高了6倍,且脱卤性能稳定.对强化后混菌的群落结构及潜在核心脱氯功能菌属进行分析,16S rRNA测序鉴定结果表明假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）在混合菌群中的占比超过90%,为体系中的核心脱氯功能菌.本研究为地下水中还原脱卤菌群的应用提供了理论技术.     

利用响应面法优化生物淋滤飞灰处理条件的研究

利用响应面法进行试验设计,选定蔗糖初始浓度、黑曲霉孢子浓度、投加的飞灰浓度以及飞灰投加时间作为影响因素,对生物淋滤城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处理条件进行优化.通过响应面法,得到飞灰中Cd、Cr、Fe、Mn、Zn及重金属总量与4种因素之间的非线性回归方程,确定了生物淋滤的最适条件范围:蔗糖初始浓度为114~126g/L;黑曲霉孢子浓度为(1.6~2.1)×107个/mL;飞灰浓度为29~39g/L;飞灰投加时间为3.6~4.4d.在最适条件下,70g/L飞灰经20d生物淋滤后,溶出重金属总浓度降为901mg/L,占飞灰中重金属总量的41%,处理后飞灰的重金属浸出毒性远低于国家标准.     

微生物菌剂与新型填料联用除磷研究

以模拟含磷废水作为研究对象,研究不同工况条件下,复合微生物制剂、新型填料以及复合微生物制剂与新型填料结合对模拟含磷废水中磷的去除效果。实验结果表明:复合微生物制剂在曝气并且与新型填料结合的条件下对总磷的去除效率较高。对ρ(COD)<1 000 mg/L,ρ(TP)为15.34～20.96 mg/L的模拟含磷废水进行总磷的去除,其最佳工况参数为:复合微生物制剂投加量为0.2 g/L,pH值为9,曝气时间为48 h,反应时间为60 h。     

重金属Pb~(2+)与蛋白质多组份体系的结合反应机制研究

滴涂法制备壳聚糖修饰电极(Chitosan/Glassy Carbon Electrode,CTS/GCE),并通过循环伏安法和电化学交流阻抗法表征修饰电极;利用修饰电极研究Pb2+离子与血清蛋白质混合体系及单组分体系的结合反应机理,并进行分析比较。结果表明,CTS/GCE修饰电极测定Pb2+-蛋白质分子相互作用时显现良好的线性响应关系,利用建议的理论方程计算了Pb2+与蛋白质的结合参数;分析实验数据表明混合组分体系中蛋白质分子间也存在相互作用,从而影响Pb2+与单组分蛋白质分子相互作用,Pb2+与多组分蛋白质溶液体系的相互作用参数不等于Pb2+与单组分蛋白质分子相互作用参数之和;同时,文章提出了一个蛋白质-蛋白质分子相互作用的计算公式,以此定量衡量多组分蛋白质混合体系中蛋白质分子间的相互作用。研究结果可为研究重金属离子与蛋白质组的相互作用提供前期基础,并为蛋白质-蛋白质分子间相互作用研究提供新方法。     

A high activity of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode in the electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution was investigated over Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode. The factors influencing the degradation rate, such as applied current density (2-40 mA/cm²), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L) were evaluated. The degradation of 2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. The degradation ratio on Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode attained > 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant current density of 30 mA/cm² with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L) degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, the degradation rate constant (k) and the degradation half-life (t_1/2) were 0.21 min^-1 and (2.8±0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) were detected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for 2,4-DCP degradation (5-200 mg/L) with Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode with a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed to degrade chlorophenols, particularly 2,4-DCP in wastewater.     

钢渣桩复合地基的应用研究

在设计和施工的基础上。通过具体工程的静载荷试验。对钢渣桩单桩承载力、复合地基承载力、桩间土、天然地基进行分析并得出结论：钢渣桩加固软土地基的承载力提高幅度大,复合地基沉降明显减少．并且能消除黄土的湿陷性．地基土性能得到很大的改善。     

Fabrication of Bi2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites and their applications to the degradation of pollutants in air and water under visible-light

A nanoheterojunction composite photocatalyst Bi2O3/TiO2working under visible-light(λ 420 nm) was prepared by combining two semiconductors Bi2O3 and TiO2 varying the Bi2O3/TiO2molar ratio. Maleic acid was employed as an organic binder to unite Bi2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The SEM, TEM, XRD and diffuse reflectance spectra were utilized to characterize the prepared Bi2O3/TiO2nanoheterojunction. The nanocomposite exhibited unusual high photocatalytic activity in decomposing 2-propanol in gas phase and phenol in aqueous phase and, evolution of CO2 under visible light irradiation while the end members exhibited low photocatalytic activity. The composite was optimized to 5 mol% Bi2O3/TiO2. The remarkable high photocatalytic efficiency originates from the unique relative energy band position of Bi2O3 and TiO2 as well as the absorption of visible light by Bi2O3.     

The application of iron mesh double layer as anode for the electrochemical treatment of Reactive Black 5 dye

In this work a novel anode configuration consisting of an iron mesh double layer is proposed for the electrochemical treatment of wastewater. The removal of Reactive Black 5 dye(RB5) from synthetic contaminated water was used as a model system. At a constant anode surface area, identical process operating parameters and batch process mode, the iron mesh double layer electrode showed better performance compared to the conventional single layer iron mesh. The double layer electrode was characterized by RB5 and chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal efficiency of 98.2% and 97.7%, respectively, kinetic rate constant of 0.0385/min, diffusion coefficient of 4.9 × 10~(-5)cm~2/sec and electrical energy consumption of 20.53 kWh/kgdye removed. In the continuous flow system, the optimum conditions suggested by Response Surface Methodology(RSM) are: initial solution p H of 6.29,current density of 1.6 m A/cm~2, electrolyte dose of 0.15 g/L and flow rate of 11.47 m L/min which resulted in an RB5 removal efficiency of 81.62%.