活性污泥二次污染问题的探讨(Ⅱ)

讨论了城市污水经过A／O工艺处理时活性污泥的二次污染问题。将原水、处理后的出水及活性污泥用甲苯萃取，萃取相经过真空浓缩后，采用GC／MS测定了样品中的有机化合物，结果表明，在A／O工艺处理城市污水过程中，活性污泥的吸附作用是主要的，降解作用是次要的；A／O工艺所排放的活性污泥仍然是一种危险的污染物。     

煤气发生站洗冷废水治理研究

研究了以活性炭作为吸附剂处理煤气发生站废水工艺，并摸索出一整套的工艺参数。实验结果表明，采用活性炭吸附工艺使出水水质得到明显改观，硫化物、氰化物和挥发酚的去除效率均达９０％以上，对ＣＯＤｃｒ、氨氮的去除也收到了明显的效果。     

The effect of precrash velocity reduction on occupant response using a human body finite element model

Objective: The objective of this study is to use a validated finite element model of the human body and a certified model of an anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) to evaluate the effect of simulated precrash braking on driver kinematics, restraint loads, body loads, and computed injury criteria in 4 commonly injured body regions.

Methods: The Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th percentile male occupant (M50-O) and the Humanetics Hybrid III 50th percentile models were gravity settled in the driver position of a generic interior equipped with an advanced 3-point belt and driver airbag. Fifteen simulations per model (30 total) were conducted, including 4 scenarios at 3 severity levels: median, severe, and the U.S. New Car Assessment Program (U.S.-NCAP) and 3 extra per model with high-intensity braking. The 4 scenarios were no precollision system (no PCS), forward collision warning (FCW), FCW with prebraking assist (FCW+PBA), and FCW and PBA with autonomous precrash braking (FCW + PBA + PB). The baseline ΔV was 17, 34, and 56.4 kph for median, severe, and U.S.-NCAP scenarios, respectively, and were based on crash reconstructions from NASS/CDS. Pulses were then developed based on the assumed precrash systems equipped. Restraint properties and the generic pulse used were based on literature.

Results: In median crash severity cases, little to no risk (<10% risk for Abbreviated injury Scale [AIS] 3+) was found for all injury measures for both models. In the severe set of cases, little to no risk for AIS 3+ injury was also found for all injury measures. In NCAP cases, highest risk was typically found with No PCS and lowest with FCW + PBA + PB. In the higher intensity braking cases (1.0–1.4 g), head injury criterion (HIC), brain injury criterion (BrIC), and chest deflection injury measures increased with increased braking intensity. All other measures for these cases tended to decrease. The ATD also predicted and trended similar to the human body models predictions for both the median, severe, and NCAP cases. Forward excursion for both models decreased across median, severe, and NCAP cases and diverged from each other in cases above 1.0 g of braking intensity.

Conclusions: The addition of precrash systems simulated through reduced precrash speeds caused reductions in some injury criteria, whereas others (chest deflection, HIC, and BrIC) increased due to a modified occupant position. The human model and ATD models trended similarly in nearly all cases with greater risk indicated in the human model. These results suggest the need for integrated safety systems that have restraints that optimize the occupant's position during precrash braking and prior to impact.     

主动脉动气流分选回收PC插槽中金属的实验研究

根现废弃电路板中金属与非金属的有效分选．对后续金属产品的分离提纯至关重要。为此,采用主动脉动气流对PC主板插槽破碎为5-0.5mm粒级的产品进行分选实验．并对实验结果进行正交实验设计和分析,考察不同气流速度和脉动频率对分选效率的影响,建立了综合分选效率经验模型。实验结果表明．在气流速度为2．90m／s,脉动频率为2．33Hz时,综合分选效率可达85．43％。同时,对正交实验的错配物含量进行计算,结果表明,当气流速度从2．76m／s增大到3．04m／s．脉动频率从1．96Hz增大到2．33Hz时,重产物错配物含量从23．70％减小到12．23％．而轻产物错配物含量从2．13％增大到3．86％。     

Passive and active adaptive management: approaches and an example

Adaptive management is a framework for resource conservation that promotes iterative learning-based decision making. Yet there remains considerable confusion about what adaptive management entails, and how to actually make resource decisions adaptively. A key but somewhat ambiguous distinction in adaptive management is between active and passive forms of adaptive decision making. The objective of this paper is to illustrate some approaches to active and passive adaptive management with a simple example involving the drawdown of water impoundments on a wildlife refuge. The approaches are illustrated for the drawdown example, and contrasted in terms of objectives, costs, and potential learning rates. Some key challenges to the actual practice of AM are discussed, and tradeoffs between implementation costs and long-term benefits are highlighted.     

Assessment of soil and soil-gas radon activity using active and passive detecting methods in Korea

Radon ((222)Rn) is a carcinogenic gas produced by the radioactive decay of radium ((226)Ra). It has been reported that soil and soil-gas are primary factors that could cause indoor radon problems. Six sites were selected for this study--Sanbook, Gangcheon, Jikyeong, Choojung, Geumsung and Homyoung--each was classified according to bedrock type. In order to investigate soil-gas radon activities and radon emanating power, innovated active and passive detecting methods were developed and applied under both field and laboratory conditions. Statistical analysis of results confirmed that the radon activity values measured using either active or passive methods under field or laboratory conditions could be interchangeable with each other.     

活性氧的化学发光测定法

以作者近年来的研究结果为中心 ,综合地介绍过氧化氢 (H2 O2 )、单线态氧 ( 1O2 )、超氧阴离子自由基 ( .O-2 )以及羟自由基 ( .OH)等活性氧化学发光研究的最新动态 .侧重介绍活性氧的鲁米诺、光泽精、甲壳动物荧光素化学发光测定体系 ,比较了这几种方法的各自特点和应用情况     

主动生物监测技术在水环境风险评价中的应用

采用生物监测技术综合分析污染物的环境行为和污染诱导的生物学效应,用于评估和预测水环境中化学品的生态风险,对保护有限的水资源和维持生态系统健康具有重要意义。介绍了主动生物监测的概念、操作流程,以及相对传统的被动生物监测所具有的优势,综述了主动生物监测技术在海洋和淡水环境质量监测中常用的指示生物,以及能对不同污染物作出响应的各种生物标志物,讨论了该领域国内外的最新研究进展。     

纳米TiO_2膜的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶 凝胶法(Sol Gel)制备了负载型纳米TiO2膜,分别考察了原料配比、pH值、煅烧温度对薄膜性质的影响,并利用XRD对其结构进行了表征,同时,用负载型TiO2膜对活性艳红X 3B(X 3B)模拟染料废水进行了微波辅助光催化脱色的研究。结果表明,改变原料配比及pH值可以制备出不同粒径的纳米TiO2膜,在450℃煅烧时TiO2呈锐态矿结构,在650℃以上出现锐态矿与金红石混晶结构,750℃时完全转变为金红石结构。所制得的纳米TiO2薄膜对X 3B具有较好的光催化活性。     

草浆中段废水不同生物处理工艺的比较研究

以水解酸化作为前期处理，再分别结合活性污泥法、SBR、接触氧化法处理草浆中段废水。发现在水解酸化运行阶段溶解氧（DO）水平对CODCr的去除有重大影响：DO在0-0.5mg/L时，去除率仅为44%；DO在0.5-1mg/L时，CODCr的去除率达到68％。水解酸化后，分别用活性污泥法、SBR、接触氧化法继续处理，CODCr的去除率分别为54％、55％、66％。结合三套工艺的运行条件和成本，以及处理效果，认为草浆中段废水处理的最佳工艺应为：水解酸化－SBR工艺。