Per- and polyfluorinated compounds in house dust and indoor air from northern Norway - a pilot study

Polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are an extremely versatile class of compounds and are used in a variety of consumer applications and products. Recent studies have suggested that PFCs in indoor air and dust could act as sources of human exposure and outdoor air contamination. This study presents method development and analysis of a wide range of PFCs in dust and air using active sampling techniques with commercially available sampling equipment (forensic nozzles with filter housings for dust collection and polyurethane foam (PUF)-XAD₂-PUF sandwich-tubes for air sampling) using both liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The developed method was validated and tested for applicability to analyze dust and air samples at both low and high concentrations (0.5 ng and 25 ng per analyte per air sample, respectively). Samples from private households and an office building were analyzed to explore differences in distribution patterns and concentrations. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorodecane sulfonate, perfluoroheptanoate, perfluorooctanoate and perfluorononanoate were observed in all samples of dust from private households, in the range from 1 to 80.1 ng g⁻¹. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were the predominant PFCs in indoor air samples with ∑FTOHs ranging between 4.7 and 17.9 ng m⁻³. The concentrations found in the present study are generally lower than those previously reported. This variation may be due to differences associated with geographical locations and lifestyles. However, use of different sampling techniques and strategies among studies can introduce large variations in PFC concentration found, making direct comparisons challenging.     

Natural and pre-treatments induced variability in the chemical composition and morphology of lichens and mosses selected for active monitoring of airborne elements

To enhance the reliability of the moss and lichen transplant technique for active biomonitoring of trace metals in urban environments, we evaluated the natural variability in the chemical composition of the (epilithic and epiphytic) moss Hypnum cupressiforme and the epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea from two reference areas in NE Italy. Green shoots of epilithic mosses and lobes of epiphytic lichens from larch branches showed rather homogenous composition and were selected for the exposure in nylon bags. As different physico-chemical pre-treatments are usually applied to selected cryptogamic material before its exposure, we also evaluated the effects of oven-drying at 120 degrees C for 24h, washing in 1N HNO3 solution, and in 0.5% NH4 oxalate solution at 85 degrees C for 15 h on the chemical composition and morphology of water-washed moss shoots and lichen lobes. Pre-treatments remarkably changed the chemical composition of selected materials but not their surface morphology.     

利用废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料生产油性腻子的研究

为了减少白色污染物聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料废弃物对环境的污染,以生活及工业废弃物聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料与活性白土为主要原料,加入适量乙酸乙酯,搅拌均匀即得一种油性腻子。该产品的性能与同类腻子相似,其制造成本低,取料容易,适用于镶嵌玻璃,也可作其它填平凹坑,缝隙。     

金属网阻火器设计参数的优化选择

就不同的火焰速度，应采用合理的金属同参数进行了研究，得出了临界消焰速度和金属网形状系数（ｄ／Ｗ）以及金属同层数之间的实验式。提出了网与网之间的理想间隔，并研究出多层金属网的最佳故数。按照本文提出的有关论据，便可在设计金属网阻火器时，对有关参数进行优化选择。     

利用焦炭吸附进行燃煤烟气脱硫脱氮技术的研究

介绍一种干法烟气脱硫脱氮工艺方法 ,利用一种非常容易获得炭质吸附材料经过简单的工艺处理后 ,达到燃煤烟气脱硫脱氮效果 ,整个过程不产生二次污染     

用活性炭提纯盐酸付玫瑰苯胺

盐酸付玫瑰苯胺(pararosaniline Hydrochlorlde,又名对品红)是分析大气SO_2的主要试剂。本文建立了用活性炭代替正丁醇提纯对品红的新方法,具有操作简便。省时,成本低、污染少等特点,产品质量好且稳定。实验结果显示,使用本法提纯的对品红在分析大气SO_2中具有较高的精密度和准确度。     

氟里昂废液的回收与再利用

利用活性炭比表面积大、吸附力强、而且效稳定性好的特性，来抽提氟里昂废液中的“油”份，经抽提回收的氟里昂达到了油分测定仪的使用标准，从而达到了回收再利用氟里昂的目的．     

餐饮废水治理方法的研究

对餐饮废水进行了实验研究。综合国内外对餐饮废水处理的工艺及原理。研究了一种经济实用的处理方法。结果表明 ,采用复合新型混凝剂 ,将废水经过混凝沉淀、砂滤及活性炭吸附深度处理后 ,达到国家正常排放标准 ,经过消毒处理后的水可用于生活杂用水。     

利用烷基化废硫酸生产活性白土

论述了硫酸烷基化废酸的处理方法，并用来生产活性白土。试验结果表明，工艺可行，解决了硫酸烷基化废酸外排所造成的环境污染问题。     

Geochemical techniques on contaminated sediments-river basin view

The big flood in the upper Elbe River catchment area has revealed a wide spectrum of problems with contaminated sediments. So far, an effective strategy for managing contaminated sediments on a river basin scale is still missing and it seems that not much has been learned from the lessons received during the last decade. In the following overview, special emphasis is given to the utilization of geochemically-based techniques for sediment remediation, which can be applied in different parts of a river basin. The examples presented here are mostly from the Elbe River catchment area. In general, new technical problem solutions need a set of practical process knowledge that uses a wide range of simulation techniques, as well as models in different spatial and temporal scales. The evaluation of recent flood events clearly demonstrates the importance of chemical expertise in the decision-making process for the sustainable development in river basins.