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21.
22.
Tuomas Väisänen Vuokko Heikinheimo Tuomo Hiippala Tuuli Toivonen 《Conservation biology》2021,35(2):424-436
Understanding the activities and preferences of visitors is crucial for managing protected areas and planning conservation strategies. Conservation culturomics promotes the use of user-generated online content in conservation science. Geotagged social media content is a unique source of in situ information on human presence and activities in nature. Photographs posted on social media platforms are a promising source of information, but analyzing large volumes of photographs manually remains laborious. We examined the application of state-of-the-art computer-vision methods to studying human–nature interactions. We used semantic clustering, scene classification, and object detection to automatically analyze photographs taken in Finnish national parks by domestic and international visitors. Our results showed that human–nature interactions can be extracted from user-generated photographs with computer vision. The different methods complemented each other by revealing broad visual themes related to level of the data set, landscape photogeneity, and human activities. Geotagged photographs revealed distinct regional profiles for national parks (e.g., preferences in landscapes and activities), which are potentially useful in park management. Photographic content differed between domestic and international visitors, which indicates differences in activities and preferences. Information extracted automatically from photographs can help identify preferences among diverse visitor groups, which can be used to create profiles of national parks for conservation marketing and to support conservation strategies that rely on public acceptance. The application of computer-vision methods to automatic content analysis of photographs should be explored further in conservation culturomics, particularly in combination with rich metadata available on social media platforms. 相似文献
23.
F. Dahdouh-Guebas T. Zetterström P. Rönnbäck M. Troell A. Wickramasinghe N. Koedam 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2002,4(2):185-200
Shrimp aquaculture is currently one of the major threats to mangroves, their destruction causing both environmental and social problems. This study investigated the mangrove area in the Pambala–Chilaw Lagoon complex (07°30 N, 079°49 E) in Sri Lanka. Using air-borne remote sensing, a land-use map was constructed in a geographical information system of the study area and pond managers were interviewed about the functioning of their shrimp farms. Based on fieldwork during the four years after taking the aerial photographs, an updated GIS-based land-use map was constructed and compared the original situation. This revealed that shrimp farms had expanded with by 25 ha in four years, mainly at the expense of mangrove forest (approx. 13 ha) and coconut plantations (approx. 11 ha). Official documents from the World Conservation Union advise conservation of the undisturbed habitats in Pambala, but this study's observations do not corroborate an eventuation of this. Other authors reported political patronage as the main cause of this adverse situation. Since the shrimp industry depends on various ecological services provided by the mangrove ecosystem in order to maintain production (cf. ecological footprint concept) the mangrove destruction is counter-productive and these observations are therefore alarming for the aquaculturists as well. The low ratio (2.6 : 1) of remaining mangrove to shrimp pond area suggests that the industry may experience severe problems, particularly as mangrove areas continue to be reclaimed for aquaculture or other land uses, unless drastic measures are taken. 相似文献
24.
Glenn E. Moglen R. Edward Beighley 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(1):241-252
ABSTRACT: Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), a method is presented to develop a spatially explicit time series of land use in an urbanizing watershed. The method is prefaced on the existence of independent observations of land use at different times and data that describes the spatial‐temporal land use transition characteristics of the watershed between these two points in time. A method is then presented to generalize the TR‐55 graphical method, a common lumped hydrologic model for estimating peak discharge, for use in a spatially explicit scheme. This scheme predicts peak discharge throughout a watershed, rather than at a single selected watershed outlet. Coupling these two methods allows the engineer to model both the temporal and spatial evolution of peak discharge for the watershed. An illustrative watershed in a suburban area of Washington, DC is selected to demonstrate the methods. The model results from these analyses are presented graphically to highlight the complex features in peak discharge behavior that exist both spatially, as a function of position within the watershed drainage network, and temporally, as the watershed undergoes urbanization. These features are not commonly noted in most hydrologic analyses but are captured in these analyses because of the high spatial and temporal resolution of the methods presented. The physical implications of the modeled results are discussed in the context of the information content of a stream gauge located at the overall outlet of the illustrative watershed. This work shows that the common practice of transposition of gauge information to locations internal to the watershed would neglect internal variability in peak discharge behavior, and could potentially lead to the determination of inappropriate design discharges. 相似文献
25.
为提高尾矿库信息化安全管理水平,保障尾矿库安全平稳运行.采用无人机倾斜摄影技术对尾矿库及下游区域进行影像数据采集,创建尾矿库三维图像,并将尾矿库空间三维模型关键数据与企业设计数据进行对比分析,对尾矿库汛期防洪能力进行预测分析.结果表明:该技术能够及时发现尾矿库运行期间存在的隐患,防范化解尾矿库安全风险,提高预测尾矿库汛... 相似文献
26.
Paul E. Olson John S. Fletcher 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(4):195-204
Examination of a former industrial sludge basin containing organic pollutants showed that the basin had undergone substantial
ecological recovery through natural forces following the removal of surface water in 1982. Conventional phases of ecological
recovery (plant invasion and succession) have occurred, but the structure of the biodiverse plant community (51 species and
22 families) was different from that at a recovering non-polluted disturbed site. Three plant species (Bermuda grass, mulberry,
and sunflower) believed to be early invaders of the basin still persist in large numbers indicating that these species are
well suited to cope with normal environmental stresses at this area (i.e. seasonal drought and flood) as well as organic pollutants.
There was an indication that early invaders of the site fostered disappearance of contaminants thereby creating more favorable
conditions for a broader spectrum of plants to grow. Vegetation analyses of naturally vegetated hazardous waste sites hold
promise as a screening device for identifying plant species and management practices worthy of further phytoremediation investigations. 相似文献
27.
Monitoring Plant Phenology Using Digital Repeat Photography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Repeated observations of plant phenology have been shown to be important indicators of global change. However, capturing the
exact date of key events requires daily observations during the growing season, making phenologic observations relatively
labor intensive and costly to collect. One alternative to daily observations for capturing the dates of key phenologic events
is repeat photography. In this study, we explored the utility of repeat digital photography for monitoring phenologic events
in plants. We provide an illustration of this approach and its utility by placing observations made using repeat digital imagery
in context with local meteorologic and edaphic variables. We found that repeat photography provides a reliable, consistent
measurement of phenophase. In addition, digital photography offers advantages in that it can be mathematically manipulated
to detect and enhance patterns; it can classify objects; and digital photographs can be archived for future analysis. In this
study, an estimate of greenness and counts of individual flowers were extracted by way of mathematic algorithms from the photo
time series. These metrics were interpreted using meteorologic measurements collected at the study site. We conclude that
repeat photography, coupled with site-specific meteorologic measurements, could greatly enhance our understanding environmental
triggers of phenologic events. In addition, the methods described could easily be adopted by citizen scientists and the general
public as well as professionals in the field. 相似文献
28.
《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2013,7(8):1053-1068
ABSTRACTThis study examined the intent, preparatory processes and challenges of nature photographers mainly shooting plants and animals in northern Japan. Findings revealed efforts to actively absorb scientific knowledge related to subjects during the preparatory process. Thus, a core intention is to capture nature in a scientifically credible manner, thereby demonstrating intimate understanding of subjects acquired from both scientific knowledge and first-hand field observations. In constructing their self-identity and attributing purpose to their work, photographers are grappling with internal tensions and contradictions when deciding the optimal distance to place between their field and related professions such as stock photography and artistic expression. We also observed cases where the original intentions of scientifically credible images from nature photographers might be lost as images are freely diffused via digital stock photo libraries. This harbors implications for the ability of the public to knowingly view photographs with a sort of “quality assurance” based on natural science. 相似文献
29.
McCann M 《Journal of Safety Research》2003,34(5):507-514
Problem: This study examined deaths of construction workers due to personnel lifts (boom-supported and scissor lifts, suspended scaffolds, and crane platforms). Methods: Deaths of construction workers for 1992–1999 were examined using data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, a Bureau of Labor Statistics database. Results: The study identified 339 deaths: 42% from boom-supported lifts; 26% from suspended scaffolds; 19% from scissor lifts; 5% from crane platforms; and 7% from unapproved lifts (e.g., forklift platforms). The main causes of death were falls (36%), collapses/tipovers (29%), and electrocutions (21%). Discussion: Recommendations include: following OSHA regulations, wearing personal fall protection equipment, adequate maintenance, inspection before use, and training on the model of lift used. Precautions are also needed to prevent contact with overhead power lines. Impact on industry: The increasing popularity of boom-supported lifts and scissor lifts, both in construction and other industries, make their safety an important issue. 相似文献
30.
Stephen R. Kessell 《Environmental management》1979,3(1):29-40
The application of vegetation information to resource management problems is reviewed in four areas: (1) the stratification of vegetation data by classification and gradient analysis, (2) the storage and retrieval of these data, (3) the sources of vegetation information, and (4) the accuracy and resolution requirements posed by different management applications. Conclusions indicate that the successful application of inference methods to resource management problems requires an appropriate integration of these four components. 相似文献