2种典型土壤中外源Ag~+的吸附行为及形态转化研究

采用一次平衡法研究了我国典型土壤——东北黑土和湖南红壤对Ag+的吸附特性及pH对土壤Ag+吸附的影响,并运用连续提取法分析了Ag+在2种土壤中吸附前后赋存形态的变化.结果表明,土壤对Ag+的吸附量随着Ag+溶液初始pH的升高而增加;在Ag+浓度为0～100mg·L-1范围内,东北黑土和湖南红壤对Ag+的吸附量均随着溶液中初始Ag+浓度的增加而增加,当Ag+浓度为0～20mg·L-1时增加明显,20～100mg·L-1趋于平缓.2种土壤的吸附等温线与Langmuir方程均具有良好的拟合性,拟合结果计算出Ag+在东北黑土和湖南红壤中的最大吸附量分别为250mg·kg-1和88.5mg·kg-1,表明东北黑土的吸附能力大于湖南红壤.东北黑土和湖南红壤的吸附动力学特征相似,吸附速率很快,均能在30min内达到吸附平衡,但东北黑土在0～30min内的吸附速率明显大于湖南红壤.形态分析结果表明,吸附后湖南红壤中离子交换态和残渣态的含量都增加迅速,而东北黑土中有机金属络合态、离子交换态、碳酸盐结合态和残渣态的含量增加明显.     

紫外光下Ag_3VO_4催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

通过共沉淀法合成Ag3VO4,紫外光下以亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水为对象进行光催化降解实验,分析考察了催化剂的投加量、亚甲基蓝的初始浓度和通气量对光催化降解的影响。并用XRD,SEM,TEM和UV-vis漫反射对Ag3VO4的结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,紫外光下Ag3VO4降解亚甲基蓝有良好的催化活性,当催化剂用量为0.3g/L,通气量为2L/min以及初始浓度为10mg/L时,120min后亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98%。     

CTAB作用下绿色合成纳米铁的制备及降解孔雀绿

化学合成纳米铁存在成本高和二次污染等问题,探寻低成本、环境友好的合成方法是纳米技术在环境修复中的研究热点之一.本课题组前期采用绿茶提取液(GTE)还原Fe2+合成纳米铁颗粒(Fe NPs),发现GTE合成的Fe NPs易被氧化和团聚.本文采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对绿色合成纳米铁形貌和粒径进行改善,提高了纳米铁颗粒的分散性和抗氧化性.通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis等表征手段对GTE合成的Fe NPs和CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs的微观结构表征以及对孔雀绿降解效果对比表明:CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs分散均匀,CTAB的包覆提高了Fe NPs的稳定性,从而提高了Fe NPs的反应活性.GTE合成的Fe NPs对孔雀绿的去除率为75.66%,而CTAB作用下绿色合成的Fe NPs的去除率高达91.06%.最后,提出了CTAB作用下GTE合成Fe NPs的可能机理.     

Alginate modifies the physiological impact of CeO2 nanoparticles in corn seedlings cultivated in soil

Alginates are naturally occurring components of organic matter in natural soil whose effects on nanoparticle （NP） toxicity to plants is not well understood. In the present study, corn plants were grown for one month in soil spiked with 400 mg/kg CeO2 NPs with various alginate concentrations. After one month of growth in the NPs impacted soil, plants were harvested and analyzed for Ce and mineral element concentrations. Chlorophyll concentration and heat shock protein 70, used as biomarkers for oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Results showed that, compared to CeO2 NPs treatment, alginate at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg increased Ce concentration in roots by approximately 46%, 38%, and 29% and by 115%, 45%, and 56% in shoots, respectively. CeO 2 NPs without alginate increased Mn accumulation in roots by 34% compared to control. CeO2 NPs with low and medium alginate increased Mn by ca. 92% respect to NPs without alginate and by ca. 155% respect to control. CeO2 NPs without/with alginate significantly increased accumulation of Fe and Al in roots. In addition, alginate at 50 mg/kg increased Zn accumulation in roots by 52% compared to control. In shoots, K increased at all NP treatments but the accumulation of other elements was not affected. Alginate enlarged the impact of CeO2 NPs to corn plants by reducing chlorophyll a content and triggering overexpression of heat shock protein 70.     

棱形十二面体Ag_3PO_4微晶的辅助合成及其可见光催化性能

以六次甲基四胺(HMTA)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为混合辅助剂,采用沉淀法合成了立方晶相棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶,对其进行了表征,并通过降解罗丹明B考察了其可见光催化活性。实验结果表明:以0.10g(25 g/mol(以Ag NO3计))HMTA和0.10 g PVP为混合辅助剂合成的棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶,其禁带宽度为2.17e V,对罗丹明B有较好的可见光催化活性;在8 mg/L罗丹明B溶液中加入0.4 g/L Ag3PO4,可见光照射12 min时,未添加辅助剂以及分别添加0.10 g PVP、0.10 g HMTA、0.10 g HMTA和0.10 g PVP混合辅助剂制备的Ag3PO4对罗丹明B的降解率分别为67.59%,76.25%,91.88%,99.64%;棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶重复使用4次后,罗丹明B的降解率仍达91.59%,说明该光催化剂具有较好的重复使用性能。     

Z-scheme V2O5-Ag2O/g-C3N4异质结制备及其可见光催化性能

采用原位生长法制备V₂O₅,并将其与Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄水热复合制备V₂O₅-Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂.利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和UV-Vis DRS等方法对样品的形貌结构及光学性质进行表征.结果表明,V₂O₅成功掺杂在Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄上,与Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄相比,复合材料对可见光的吸收范围增大;在可见光照射180min后,V₂O₅掺杂量为15%的复合材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解率达到99.10%.经过3次循环降解后,复合材料对MB的降解率保持85%以上,表明其具有良好的稳定性.通过掩蔽实验推测,空穴(h⁺)是光催化体系中主要的活性物质,其光催化性能增强的机理是Ag₂O与g-C₃N₄复合界面形成p-n异质结,并与V₂O₅之间的复合过程符合Z-scheme可见光驱动机制,有效阻碍了光生电子-空穴对的复合,促进活性物质的产生.     

Fabrication of bimetallic Ag/Fe immobilized on modified biochar for removal of carbon tetrachloride

As an effective conventional absorbent, biochar exhibited limited adsorption ability toward small hydrophobic molecules. To enhance the adsorption capacity, a novel adsorbent was prepared by immobilizing nanoscale zero-valent iron onto modified biochar (MB) and then the elemental silver was attached to the surface of iron (Ag/Fe/MB). It''s noted that spherical Ag/Fe nanoparticles with diameter of 51 nm were highly dispersed on the surface of MB. As the typical hydrophobic contaminant, carbon tetrachloride was selected for examining the removal efficiency of the adsorbent. The removal efficiencies of carbon tetrachloride by original biochar (OB), Ag/Fe, Ag/Fe/OB and Ag/Fe/MB were fully investigated. It''s found that Ag/Fe/MB showed higher carbon tetrachloride removal efficiency, which is about 5.5 times higher than that of the OB sample due to utilizing the merits of high adsorption and reduction. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the removal of carbon tetrachloride by Ag/Fe/MB was a spontaneous and exothermic process, which was affected by solution pH, initial carbon tetrachloride concentration and temperature. The novel Ag/Fe/MB composites provided a promising material for carbon tetrachloride removal from effluent.     

酿酒酵母对Ag^＋的吸附特性研究

为了深入探讨酿酒酵母吸附贵金属离子Ag+的特性,研究了吸附时间、离子浓度、初始pH值、温度对废弃酿酒酵母吸附Ag+的影响,并分析了动力学、热力学以及等温吸附特性.结果表明,酵母吸附Ag+的过程进行得很快,当Ag+初始浓度为1mmol·L-1、细胞浓度2 g·L-1条件下,反应10 min,Ag+可以达到平衡吸附量的86%以上.随后在24 h内吸附量缓慢增加,去除率基本维持在51%～55%左右.酵母吸附Ag+的过程可以用准一级和准二级动力学方程描述,后者模拟效果更好.酵母吸附Ag+的等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程描述,但Freundlich方程拟合效果较差.当Ag+初始浓度为0～8 mtool·L-1、酵母浓度2·L-1条件下,酵母吸附Ag+的Langmuir理论饱和生物吸附容量为0.385 mmol·g～.在pH 2.0-7.2范围内,吸附量随着溶液初始pH值升高而升高.10～40℃范围内,温度对酵母吸附Ag+的影响不如pH值的影响显著,特别是在低离子浓度下尤其如此.酵母吸附Ag+的较适宜温度为20～30℃.热力学分析表明,酵母吸附Ag+具有自发性、熵增特征.