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61.
Toledo VE de Almeida Júnior PB Quiterio SL Arbilla G Moreira A Escaleira V Moreira JC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,139(1-3):49-59
The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Campus (FIOCRUZ), in a suburban region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, was selected as a case study
to assess the pollution released from vehicle and industrial facilities in Basin III, the most polluted area of the city.
Concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and trace metals in airborne particles were determined in an intensive field campaign.
The samplings were performed every six days for 24 h periods, using a PM10 high volume sampler, from September 2004 to August
2005. PM10 mass concentrations were determined gravimetrically and the metals by ICP-OES. For PM10, the arithmetic mean for
the period is 169 ± 42 μg m−3 which is 3.4 times the national recommended standard of 50 μg m−3. Additionally, 51% of the samplings exceeded the recommended 24 h limit of 150 μg m−3. Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Al were the metals that presented the higher concentrations. The correlation matrix gave two main clusters
and three significant principal components (PC). Both PC1 and PC2 are associated to crustal, vehicular and industrial emissions
while PC3 is mainly associated to geological material. Enrichment factors for Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb indicate that for these elements,
anthropic sources prevail over natural inputs. PM10 levels showed a good correlation with hospital admissions for respiratory
diseases in children and elderly people. 相似文献
62.
Paul Chiou Wei Tang Che-Jen Lin Hsing-Wei Chu T. C. Ho 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(3):333-350
Speciated samples of PM2.5 were collected at a site in Jefferson County, Texas by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) from July of 2003 to August
of 2005. A total of 269 samples with 52 species were measured; however, 22 species were excluded in this study because of
too many below-detection-limit data. The data set was analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) to infer the sources
of PM observed at the site. The analysis identified ten sources: sulfate-rich secondary aerosol I (35.9%), sulfate-rich secondary
aerosol II (21.0%), cement/carbon-rich (11.7%), wood smoke (8.8%), metal processing (6.3%), motor vehicle/road dust (5.7%),
nitrate-rich secondary aerosol (3.3%), soil (3.2%), sea salt (2.6%), and chloride depleted marine aerosol (1.6%). Sulfate
and nitrate mainly exist as salts. The two sulfate-rich secondary aerosols account for almost 57% of the PM2.5 mass concentration. The factor containing highest concentrations of Cl and Na was attributed to sea salt due to the proximity
of the monitoring site to the Gulf of Mexico. The chloride depleted marine aerosol was related to the sea salt aerosol. Cement/carbon-rich,
wood smoke, metal processing, and motor vehicle/road dust factor were likely to be the local sources. 相似文献
63.
This study reports the 137Cs data derived from three regional and national scale High Resolution Airborne Resource and Environmental Surveys (HiRES) in northern Britain and Ireland. The detailed spatial resolution, combined with the large areas these surveys collectively cover, gives insight into large-scale deposition patterns and possible subsequent re-distribution of 137Cs on a level that was previously not possible. The largest survey area considered covers the whole of Northern Ireland. All three data sets display some clustering of higher 137Cs activities on high ground together with regional scale NNW-SSE and NW-SE banding features. We interpret these as representing a series of rainfall interceptions of the repeated passage of the Chernobyl plume. Our observations, obtained at 200 m flight line intervals, appear to provide significant detail in relation to existing knowledge of large scale along-wind deposition of 137Cs. 相似文献
64.
Boyacioglu H Haliki A Ates M Guvensen A Abaci O 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):327-334
This study aims to investigate the differences in the concentrations of airborne fungi and pollens between the towns located
in the province of Izmir and to determine the factors contributing to these differences. Five stations in each of four towns
(Buca, Konak, Bornova, and Karsiyaka) were randomly selected as the research areas. Fungus (cfu/m3) and pollen counts (cm2/pollen count) in the air samples collected from each station between June 2003 and May 2004 were measured. The results revealed
that whereas Karsiyaka had the highest fungus concentration (521.33 ± 777.1), Buca and Bornova had the lowest concentration
(482.67 ± 308.44). The mean fungus concentration in the province of İzmir was 501.5 ± 486.7. Pollen concentration was the
highest in Konak (486.67 ± 839.06) and the lowest in Bornova (369.83 ± 551.13). Fungus and pollen concentrations revealed
no difference between the towns (p > 0.05). The relationship between pollen-fungus concentrations and temperature-dust-humidity-sulphurdioxide was investigated
but it was found statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). As a result of regression analysis, it was determined that correlation of atmospheric parameters had no effects
on pollen and fungus concentrations (p > 0.05). 相似文献
65.
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67.
太原市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布及污染源识别的研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
多环芳烃(PAHs)具有致癌性,研究大气颗粒物中PAHs在不同功能区的分布、变化、来源具有重要意义。对太原市不同功能区大气颗粒物中有机物的研究表明,太原市大气颗粒物中含量较高的多一并主烃有9种,且均不带取代基,平均浓度为189.2ng/m^3,Bap浓度平均为74.7ng/m^3,具体到各功能区浓度分布为:一电厂化工区〉太钢工业区〉桃园三巷商业居民区〉太行仪表厂居民文化区。并利用各种指标判识来源,太 相似文献
68.
Airborne fluoride was determined in the rainwater, surface soil and groundwater along a gradient of emission of a phosphate
fertilizer factory in Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Concentrations of fluoride in rainwater and groundwater achieved 3 mg l−1 and 5 mg l−1, respectively, and were dependent on pH. The fluoride deposited from emissions accumulated in a superficial horizon of soil
in quantities comparable to those in the manufactured end-products—up to 23,000 mg kg−1. Fluoride distribution in the environment is controlled by physical–chemical parameters of emission, rain intensity and soil
properties. The highest fluoride concentrations were registered at a close distance of up to 2 km from the factory. The distribution
of fluoride in groundwater resembled the same distribution in rainwater due to the high permeability of the local soils. Fluoride
penetration to the groundwater also depended on the type of vegetation cover. The groundwater in woodland areas was less affected
by contamination of fluoride than in the grassland areas, most probably because of the influence of eucalyptus throughfall,
which increases the pH of wet precipitates. 相似文献
69.
Angelo Cecinato Rosanna Mabilia Fabio Marino 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2000,34(29-30)
n-Alkanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanoic acids present in the inhalable fraction of airborne particles have been determined at the Italian scientific base sited in the area of Ny Alesund, Spitzbergen Island, Norway. Both the profiles of n-alkane and polynuclear aromatic congeners among the respective classes showed that anthropogenic sources were responsible for the presence of particulate organics in the atmosphere there, since the monomodal distribution of aliphatics and the fresh-emission shape of PAH fraction were observed. The total contents of n-alkanes and PAH ranged from 19 to 97 ng m−3 and from 0.6 to 2.0 ng m−3, respectively; n-alkanoic acids reached 6 ng m−3. The occurrence of nitrated-PAH of photochemical origin at trace extent (i.e. nitrated-fluoranthenes and nitropyrenes) has been also observed. Since the occurrence of OH radicals is required together with NOx for the processes leading to the generation of 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene would start, the detection of these nitrated species revealed the occurrence of photochemical processes in that region. 相似文献
70.
Size distribution and anthropogenic sources apportionment of airborne trace metals in Kanazawa, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aerosol samples were collected from Kanazawa, Japan to examine the size distribution of 12 elements and to identify the major sources of anthropogenic elements. Key emission sources were identified and, concentrations contributed from individual sources were estimated as well. Concentrations of elements V, Ca, Cd, Fe, Ba, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn, Co and Cu in aerosols were determined with ICP-MS. The results showed that Ca, Mg, Sr, Mn, Co and Fe were mainly associated with coarse particles (>2.1 μm), primarily from natural sources. In contrast, the elements Zn, Ba, Cd, V, Pb and Cu dominated in fine aerosol particles (<2.1 μm), implying that the anthropogenic origin is the dominant source. Results of the factor analysis on elements with high EFCrust values (>10) showed that emissions from waste combustion in incinerators, oil combustion (involving waste oil burning and oil combustion in both incinerators and electricity generation plants), as well as coal combustion in electricity generation plants were major contributors of anthropogenic metals in the ambient atmosphere in Kanazawa. Quantitatively estimated sum of mean concentrations of anthropogenic elements from the key sources were in good agreement with the observed values. Results of this study elucidate the need for making pollution control strategy in this area. 相似文献