大孔树脂白球固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺废水的研究

采用大孔树脂白球固定化微生物强化SBR处理含对Ep苯胺废水,与对照组相比,通过投加大孔树脂白球固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率。在进水TOC为434．8mg／L,对甲苯胺为326．9mg／L的条件下,强化组可在180min内将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全,去除率在98％以上,对照组则需要300min才能达到相同的去除效果。强化组对氨氮的去除同样具有较好的处理效果。     

高效负载型光催化剂制备及其加铂修饰技术

通过光催化氧化五氯苯酚钠实验,结合对催化剂晶型结构、比表面积的表征分析,优化钛酸四丁酯水解制备TiO₂负载型催化剂并加铂修饰的制备条件:R值、烧结温度、粘合剂添加量、空心玻璃珠粒径大小及催化剂中铂含量,从而制备出高效、实用的负载加铂修饰型半导体光催化剂.实验结果表明,当R=10,温度为650℃烧结1h,TiO₂∶硅酸钠∶空心玻璃珠=10∶2.5∶20(W),铂在催化剂中的重量百分比为1.4%～1.6%,空心玻璃珠的粒径为0.5mm时,所制备的加铂修饰负载型催化剂催化活性、使用寿命和牢固度均比较理想.用该催化剂做光催化实验,当反应液初始五氯苯酚钠浓度为100mg/L、pH值为6.5,催化剂投加量为2g/L,通氧气量为1.6mL/s,光照强度为30kW/m²时,五氯苯酚钠2 h光催化氧化率达92.0%.     

复合填料一维冻胀量数值模拟分析

复合填料是以废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯颗粒(EPS)、水泥和水为原料,拌合后形成的一种轻质填筑材料。其中,EPS颗粒含量适当时,能减少或消除复合填料的冻胀和融沉,可作为季节性冻土区的路基填料。假设复合填料中除EPS颗粒外的骨料颗粒、孔隙冰为刚性介质,同时考虑EPS颗粒变形和填料孔隙变形对复合填料冻结过程的影响,在已有的冻土水热耦合分离冰模型的基础上,得到考虑EPS颗粒变形影响的饱和填料一维冻结水热耦合控制方程,进而预测填料的冻胀量。与室内模型试验结果对比表明,本文模型可用于该种具有弹性颗粒复合填料的冻胀量模拟,为工程中冻胀量预测提供依据。     

Alginate immobilized enrichment culture for atrazine degradation in soil and water system

An atrazine degrading enrichment culture, a consortium of bacteria of genus Bacillus along with Pseudomonas and Burkholderia, was immobilized in sodium alginate and was used to study atrazine degradation in mineral salts medium (MSM), soil and wastewater effluent. Sodium alginate immobilized consortium, when stored at room temperature (24 ± 5°C), was effective in degrading atrazine in MSM up to 90 days of storage. The survival of bacteria in alginate beads, based on colony formation unit (CFU) counts, suggested survival up to 90 days and population counts decreased to 1/5^th on 120 days. Comparison of atrazine degrading ability of the freely suspended enrichment culture and immobilized culture suggested that the immobilized culture took longer time for complete degradation of atrazine as a lag phase of 2 days was observed in the MSM inoculated with alginate immobilized culture. The free cells resulted in complete degradation of atrazine within 6 days, while immobilized cells took 10 days for 100% atrazine degradation. Further, immobilized cultures were able to degrade atrazine in soil and wastewater effluent. Alginate beads were stable and effective in degrading atrazine till 3rd transfer and disintegrated thereafter. The study suggested that immobilized enrichment culture, due to its better storage and application, can be used to degrade atrazine in soil water system.     

废水营养比对固定化藻菌去除污染物的影响及动力学研究

海藻酸钙作载体的固定化藻菌小球,经壳聚糖覆膜后,用于模拟废水的处理。通过研究废水初始氨氮浓度及碳氮比对固定化藻菌小球处理效果的影响,发现初始氨氮浓度为50 mg/L时,氨氮的去除率达最高值74.4%;碳氮比为35∶1时,COD去除率达最高值77.7%。系统最佳氮磷比与碳氮比分别为5∶1和35∶1。固定化藻菌降解有机物的动力学过程为一级不可逆生化反应过程,其降解速率常数约为0.099 h-1。     

洁净环境样本低浓度微生物高效富集检测及应用

为了研究对洁净环境样本的低浓度微生物监测方法,制备了低浓度的革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌各3种,使用修饰后的新型磁珠对模拟样本中的微生物进行富集评价实验.革兰氏染色和菌落计数结果表明,磁珠对3种革兰氏阳性菌和3种阴性菌均具有显著富集浓缩作用,与大肠杆菌相比,磁珠对金黄色葡萄菌的富集浓缩比更高.使用磁珠富集液对自来水、桶装水和瓶装矿泉水中的微生物进行非特异性吸附后,比较上清和磁珠-微生物复合物的细菌16S rDNA基因拷贝数和菌落总数指标,结果表明磁珠对自来水和桶装水中的微生物均具有显著的吸附效果（P<0.01,P<0.001）.通过比较,抽滤法和磁珠法对自来水中的微生物富集效果有差异（P=0.002）,2种方法对桶装水和矿泉水的富集效果无显著差异（P=0.362）.采集实际空气样本进行磁珠富集微生物的菌落计数及细菌16S rDNA基因拷贝数进行分析,磁珠-微生物复合物中的绝对基因拷贝数和菌落总数均显著高于磁分离后上清液中基因拷贝数和菌落计数（P=0.0001）.此方法对微生物具有一定的高效富集作用.     

Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads: Equilibrium,ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non-linear Langmuir isotherm for ch...     

印染废水活性污泥代谢状态光偏转快速检测法

针对现有活性污泥检测方法过程繁琐、耗时长、检测结果滞后的局限,提出了光偏转快速检测法.在污泥负荷为0.33KgCOD/（kg MLSS·d）、水力停留时间为15h的印染废水完全混合式活性污泥系统中,投放粒径4mm、具有20μm微孔结构的聚乙烯醇（PVA）凝胶小球以负载微生物,并在小球达到稳定状态后,对其表面处因外界溶液与微生物代谢产物交换产生的浓度梯度变化,借助光斑分析仪进行光偏转检测,同时测定与光偏转检测结果相对应的15h后的出水COD及COD去除率.连续10个月的检测发现,小球中富集的主要为细菌,当进水COD由91.95mg/L增至519.4mg/L时,小球的光偏转值从229.51μm增加至299.97μm,COD去除率从16.03%提高至66.99%;当DO浓度为1.5mg/L~5mg/L时,小球光偏转值在DO=4mg/L时增至最大为309.3mg/L,对应状态下COD去除率增至最大为61.18%;在pH值为6~9时,小球光偏转值在pH=7时增至最大为293.96μm,对应状态下COD去除率也达到最大值为64.83%;当重金属Cr³⁺浓度增至50mg/L时,微生物活性逐渐受到抑制,小球光偏转值在Cr³⁺浓度为20mg/L时降至269.7μm,随后随着Cr³⁺浓度的增加,微生物细胞受损,胞内物质溶出,小球光偏转值有所增大,对应状态下COD去除率从52.5%持续降低至25.73%.结果表明：该方法可快速获得活性污泥代谢状态变化信息,且依据特定条件下小球光偏转值变化能够预测随后印染废水COD的去除效果.利用三维荧光光谱初步探究了微生物代谢引发光偏转的机理,发现参与微生物代谢的主要有机物为酪氨酸、芳香类蛋白及色氨酸.     

Immobilization study of biosorption of heavy metal ions onto activated sludge

Activated sludge was immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and biosorption of three heavy metal ions, copper(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and chromimum(Ⅱ), from aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10-100 mg/L was studied by using both entrapped activated sludge and inactivated free biomass at pH≤5. A biphasic metal adsorption pattern was observed in all immobilized biomass experiments. The biosorption of metal ions by the biosorbents increased with the initial concentration increased in the medium. The adsorption rate of immobilized pre-treated activated sludge(PAS) was much lower than that of free PAS due to the increase in mass transfer resistance resulting from the polymeric matrix. Biosorption equilibrium of beads was established in about 20 h and the adsorbed heavy metal ions did not change further with time. No significant effect of temperature was observed in the test for free biomass while immobilized PAS appeared to be strong temperature dependent in the test range of 10 and 40℃.Besides, the content of activated sludge in the calcium alginate bead has an influence on the uptake of heavy metals. The sorption equilibrium was well modeled by Langmuir isotherm, implying monomolecular adsorption mechanism. Carboxyl group in cell wall played an important role in surface adsorption of heavy metal ions on PAS.     

海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇作为固定化微生物包埋剂的研究

分别以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇为包埋剂,包埋固定微生物,采用正交试验法,以固定化微生物对TOC的去除率为主要指标,强度为辅助指标,确定包埋条件,并对其性能进行比较。研究结果表明,用聚乙烯醇为包埋剂的固定化小球强度及稳定性比用海藻酸钠的高,较适用于废水处理,但其传质性能有待进一步改善。