面向危险化学品运输监测系统的信息融合模型构建

设计一种可用于危化品运输全过程安全状态实时监测的多参数监测系统,并以该系统为基础,构建面向危化品运输安全监测系统的多传感器信息融合模型。该模型综合利用系统监测到的多种参数信息,通过数据预处理、特征提取和状态判决、形势判决、危险态势估计和预测等4个级别的信息融合,结合危险报警模块和数据库管理系统,自动分析被测数据,最终达到对危化品运输安全分类、分级、分层次报警的目的。以该模型为基础讨论部分信息融合算法并设计相应的软件,在实际构建的针对液化石油气的危化品安全监测系统中进行应用试验,结果说明了信息融合模型的有效性。     

用电厂粉煤灰试制枸溶性磷肥的研究

本文对用粉煤灰制肥料的可行性进行了研究,选用磷矿石、助熔剂,添加剂和粉煤灰以适当的比例混合后熔融,使混合物料中的非枸溶性成分转化成能被植物吸收的枸溶性成分。经上百次熔融实验,对物料的配比及工艺条件进行筛选,确定出最佳配料参数和工艺操作条件。所研制肥料的吃灰量可达40％,并具有复合肥的作用和较好的肥效。     

Genetic relationships between roost-mates in a fission–fusion society of tree-roosting big brown bats (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eptesicus fuscus</Emphasis>)

Kin-based patterns of associations are often observed in group living mammals. Colonies of forest-living big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) exhibit fission–fusion roosting behavior and female philopatry. Within a roosting area of forest, adult females are distributed into several subgroups roosting in different trees during the day. At night, adult females leave the roost subgroups to forage and, upon return to the roosting area at dawn, both the individual composition and location of subgroups often change. Individuals exhibit nonrandom roosting associations, and we hypothesized that genetic relationships would influence roosting associations. We determined (1) whether the strength of roosting associations between pairs of bats (based on radiotelemetry) was correlated with relatedness, (2) whether individuals that roosted together in roost subgroups were more related than by chance, and (3) from roost subgroups, the pairs of bats that roosted nonrandomly and whether the proportion of related pairs was higher than expected at random. Relatedness measures were based on microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial DNA sequences. We found from all analyses that roosting associations were not influenced by relatedness or matrilineal relationships. These results provide clear evidence that, contrary to other mammals, kinship does not mediate roosting associations within forest living big brown bats that exhibit fission–fusion roosting behavior.     

南京市在长江大保护工作中推进生态环境大数据融合的思考

以习近平长江经济带发展思路和实施国家大数据战略为背景,简要介绍了南京市长江大保护和大数据融合工作的现状与特点。在对标分析武汉市长江大保护和贵州省大数据融合先进工作经验的基础上,针对当前南京市大数据应用水平不高,难以为生态环境重要决策提供有效支撑的情况,从树立创新思维摸清沿江污染底数、树立法治思维推进大数据融合共享、树立融入思维推进社会化服务、树立数字思维适应信息化和“互联网+”发展等方面,对南京市如何深度整合利用现有大数据资源,构建具有南京特色的长江大保护“生态眼”监管系统提出对策和建议。     

基于协同推进生态文明建设的“多评融合”路径初探

评估是一种权力。各类"评估"实际上都代表了其主管部门的权力和利益,甚至沦为各部门争夺话语权、攫取部门利益的一道关卡。多种评价"混战",不仅评价内容重复、程序烦琐、浪费人力和资源,同时评价背后代表其主管部门的利益和权力,评价的"混战"也成为各部门维护自身利益、争夺话语权的"混战"。本文在对现有评价制度、实施情况、存在问题的剖析的基础上,基于协同推进生态文明建设的要求,提出横向上协同相关部门、纵向上协同国家和地方、政府和市场、政策规划与项目等重大决策的多评融合实施路径,最后提出了多评融合的四项政策建议。     

基于多速率卡尔曼滤波方法的位移和加速度数据融合

为了尽可能地利用加速度传感器和位移传感器中的冗余信息、提高振动实测数据的精度,将结构同一位置的加速度和位移观测值进行数据融合处理,提出了一种基于维纳过程加速度模型的多速率卡尔曼滤波数据融合方法。首先给出了基于维纳过程的多速率卡尔曼滤波数融合模型;然后在加速度和位移观测值的基础上,通过多速率卡尔曼滤波数据融合得到位移、速度以及加速度的的最优估计,并对融合结果进行卡尔曼平滑处理,进一步提高了状态估计准确性;最后数值分析了不同噪声水平和采样频率比对融合算法的影响,而且与相关文献的结果作了对比分析。结果表明,本文方法合理有效且具有一定的噪声鲁棒性。     

汽车驾驶员驾驶疲劳监测技术研究进展

当今驾驶疲劳已成为引发交通事故的主要原因，但由于其形成原因复杂，监测技术和手段都还不成熟。驾驶疲劳客观监测技术是目前研究的热点，主要包括对驾驶员脑电图、心电图、眼睑眨动、头部运动轨迹、方向盘的运动、车辆行驶方向等的监测技术。由于上述监测技术都存在一定的局限性，因此，笔者认为，今后的研究应该从以下4个方面着手进行：①研制非接触性高灵敏度传感器；②寻求新的监测指标和方法；③将多传感器信息融合技术应用于监测技术中；④研制高性价比的监测装置。     

桥梁结构健康监测的数据融合框架

大型桥梁结构健康监测系统需要安装大量各种类型的传感器,如何有效利用这些实时采集的信息以保障桥梁的连续安全运营是一个核心课题,而数据融合技术是解决这一问题的一个新方向。本文对近几十年来数据融合技术的发展做了全面综述,介绍了常用的数据融合模型,评析了各种常用融合算法。基于对健康监测系统的细致分析,在前人工作基础上,提出了桥梁结构健康监测的数据融合框架,对框架内的各个功能模块进行了功能定位,并给出了相应阶段适宜的融合算法。     

选育蒽降解微生物耦合系统菌株的电融合及融合子的筛选

对选育蒽降解微生物耦合降解系统菌株的电融合过程及融合子的筛选进行研究.结果发现在500kHz的交流频率,脉冲强度300V/cm,脉冲幅宽为5μs,脉冲个数为2,交流电场强度在20～40 V/cm范围内,总融合率较稳定.可以用红霉素和氨苄青霉素的双抗平板来对表面活性剂产生菌与土生优势菌的融合子进行筛选,用含卡那霉素的蒽的高渗平板对蒽的高效降解菌和土生优势菌的融合子进行筛选.2种融合子均可以用绿色荧光来确证.     

Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge

This work provides insights on the solubilization products after a simultaneous combination of alkaline and ultrasonic (ALK + ULS) pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased from 1200 to 11,000 mg/L after such treatment. Organics with molecular weight around 5.6 kDa were solubilized because of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and alkali. Organics with molecular weight larger than 300 kDa increased from 7.8% to 60%, 16% and 42.3% after ULS, ALK and ALK + ULS treatment, respectively. Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis identified soluble microbial product-like and humic acid-like matters as the main solubilization products. Sludge anaerobic biodegradability was significantly enhanced with the simultaneous application of ALK + ULS pre-treatment. ALK + ULS pre-treatment resulted in 37.8% biodegradability increase compared to the untreated sludge. This value was higher compared to the biodegradability increase induced by individual ALK pre-treatment (5.7%) or individual ULS pre-treatment (20.7%) under the same conditions applied.