氨氮标准溶液和纳氏试剂保存期的实验

本文探讨了不同浓度的氨氮标准溶液和纳氏试剂的保存期以及上述两种溶液化学性质稳定性的机理.该文对基层监测站在实际工作有一定的意义.     

便携式傅立叶变换红外气体分析仪比对氨检测方法的探讨

采用比对方法分别用纳氏试剂分光光度法和便携式傅立叶变换红外气体分析仪检测模拟环境空气中的氨,并对检测结果进行线性相关分析,相对准确度计算以及显著性比较。这两种方法呈线性相关,无显著性差异,并具有良好的一致性。     

水污染源氨氮自动监测设备比对试验考核指标探讨

对15家氨氮自动监测设备比对试验考核不合格的污水厂及印染厂的考核情况进行了分析，发现目前水污染源氨氮自动监测设备比对试验考核指标存在一些问题。结合水污染源在线监测系统运行与考核技术规范以及地表水自动监测技术规范，提出了水污染源氨氮自动监测系统按照不同排放浓度实施不同比对试验考核指标的建议。     

北京、石家庄2017—2018年PM2.5与SNA组分特征及典型重污染分析

基于北京、石家庄2017、2018年的1月和7月PM_2.5样品采集,研究两地采暖期、非采暖期及典型重污染过程的PM_2.5、SNA污染特征及二次转化特征.应用TrajStat模型,结合浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT）,分析两地PM_2.5气流输送路径以及潜在源区.利用WRF-CAMx模式定量分析两地重污染月份（2017年1月）PM_2.5、硫酸盐及硝酸盐的区域传输贡献.结果表明, 2017年1月北京和石家庄均存在重污染过程,两年1月石家庄市PM_2.5浓度均高于北京; SNA占PM_2.5所有组分的34.11%~51.68%,对PM_2.5浓度有重要贡献,其中北京NO₃^-浓度最高,石家庄SO₄^2-浓度最高, SO₄^2-/NO₃^-夏季高于冬季;北京SOR高于石家庄,石家庄NOR高于北京,重污染期间两城市硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐质量浓度、SOR与NOR明显升高;两地冬季气流主要受俄罗斯、蒙古、内蒙戈壁等地区的西北方向远距离输送影响,另外北京两年冬季均存在西南传输通道,石家庄重污染期间受冀南和鲁西北重工业城市群潜在贡献较高,两市夏季受东南季风影响,污染轨迹多来自渤海湾和山东等地区; 2017年1月,北京、石家庄PM_2.5受周边区域传输贡献分别为33.80%、22.54%,其中河北南部分别贡献14.86%, 17.21%,二次离子中NO₃^-的传输作用比SO₄^2-更加突出.从PM_2.5本地源来看,北京主要来源为移动源和扬尘源,分别占比43.30%、20.10%,石家庄为工业、燃煤和扬尘,分别占比26.40%、24.82%、22.50%.     

A型和Y型分子筛在两段式热解过程中对WPCB热解油轻质化的影响

在500℃下,利用3种分子筛(4A、5A和Al_2O_3分子筛)对废弃印刷线路板(WPCBs)非金属粉末进行共催化热解试验.通过对热解三相产物产率的计算、热解油馏程分布、成分和碳数分布分析,研究不同分子筛对WPCBs热解过程中热解油轻质化效果的影响.结果表明,5A分子筛对WPCBs热解油轻质化效果最好,其中轻组分或汽油组分(馏出温度在0~200℃)含量最高,达到45%,而柴油组分(馏出温度在200~350℃)含量也达到了45%,成分主要以苯酚、异丙基苯酚和双酚A为主,选择性较好,热解油的碳数分布与汽油碳数分布相近,且热解油的含溴有机物(如2-溴苯酚)有一定的去除效果.Al_2O_3对热解油轻质化和脱溴的效果比5A分子筛稍差.而4A分子筛对热解油的轻质化效果和脱溴效果都较弱.综上所述,5A分子筛在热解油轻质化研究中具有良好的催化作用.     

资源型城市刚性产业结构的问题与对策--以大庆市为例

资源型城市在中国经济发展过程中起着重要作用,但近年来随着资源的过度开发,资源型城市的发展面临着一系列问题.以大庆市为例,通过对大庆问题的分析,得出影响大庆发展的根本性问题是刚性产业结构,阐述了其带来的诸如经济发展缓慢、失业、政府能力低下等严重影响.在大庆自身优势的基础上,围绕解决刚性结构提出了发展措施.     

Financial viability of reforesting reclaimed surface mined lands, the burden of site conversion costs, and carbon payments as reforestation incentives

US Federal law mandates that mined land be returned by mine operators to a condition capable of supporting its pre-mining use or a higher use. Previously forested lands have commonly been reclaimed to hayland/pasture or wildlife habitat, and most of these lands have been abandoned from management and rendered non-productive. This situation has left landowners in the position of converting these reclaimed mined lands to forests at a later date, if they choose to make them economically productive. Such land-use conversion, however, comes with a substantial up-front cost to the landowner, which makes the financial viability of such a conversion questionable. We examine the financial viability of reforestation of these previously reclaimed mine lands by calculating land expectation value (LEV) under a range of conditions that include forest type, site quality, and reforestation intensity. We find that conversion to white pine is viable on higher quality sites under low to moderate interest rates with low or high timber prices, but conversion to mixed hardwoods is only profitable under the high price scenario with low interest rates, and only on higher quality sites. We also consider the implications of a shift in reforestation burden from the landowner to the mine operator, and results suggest that including costs of reforestation as part of the mining operation creates a financially viable forest enterprise for landowners under all scenarios for both white pine and mixed hardwoods. Two forms of carbon payments that could encourage reforestation of previously reclaimed mined lands also are examined: an annual payment based upon the total accumulated carbon found on-site in a given year, and an annual payment based on only the increment of carbon storage each year. Our carbon payment results indicate that annual values of up to $5.17 per ton of carbon stored in hardwoods and $9.39 per ton of carbon stored in pines would be required to make reforestation profitable under the poorest conditions (high interest rates, low prices, and poor quality site) when the payment is based on accumulated on-site carbon, although lower values are required under more favorable scenarios. Payments that are based upon the annual increment of carbon must fall in the range of $8.66–$71.88 per ton of carbon stored in hardwoods and $0–$83.29 per ton of carbon stored in pines to make reforestation financially viable.     

Combustion hazard of mixing ammonia with nitric oxide

Premixed ammonia/nitric oxide flame was simulated using the Lindstedt 1994 and Miller–Bowman 1989 reaction mechanisms in CHEMKIN. The predicted laminar burning velocities compared well with limited measured values in the literature. The effects of unburnt mixture temperature and pressure on laminar burning velocity, flammability limits, adiabatic flame temperature and species profiles were studied. The unburnt mixture temperature had a positive impact on both the laminar burning velocity and the adiabatic flame temperature, and it extended the ammonia-rich flammability limit. The pressure had a marginally negative influence on the laminar burning velocity, while it had a slightly positive effect on the adiabatic flame temperature.     

浅论吴泾化工总厂的废水治理

叙述了吴泾化工总厂废水排放与治理概况,着重介绍了尿素生产废水、造气含氰废水和变换废水的处理工艺。     

氨氮测定中的常见问题分析及解决方法

分析了酒石酸钾纳质量、絮凝沉淀pH、纳氏试剂配制方法及沉淀时间对氨氮测定的影响.