脉冲变频电磁场对水华鱼腥藻生长的效应

对脉冲变频电磁场作用下,扫描频率和磁感应强度的变化对水华鱼腥藻细胞活性和生长的影响进行了研究。结果显示,扫描频率从25~27 Hz增大到1~60 kHz时,磁场对藻细胞活性的抑制作用减小,但增大到60 kHz以上,磁场对藻细胞产生强烈抑制作用,累积水力停留时间4 min的藻样在48 h培养时间内已失去活性停止生长。扫描频率为50~100 Hz和1~60 kHz时,累积水力停留时间2 min的藻样,细胞受到磁场刺激生长加快;只有累积水力停留时间＞6 min,才表现出对藻活性的抑制作用。磁感应强度增大至120 G,磁场对细胞活性产生明显抑制作用,增大磁感应强度有利于对细胞活性和生长的抑制。     

美丽微孢藻种植水对水华鱼腥藻的化感抑制作用研究

为探讨美丽微孢藻对水华藻类的化感作用,研究了美丽微孢藻种植水对水华鱼腥藻的光密度、叶绿素a和细胞活性的影响。结果表明:浓度为25%的美丽微孢藻种植水在0~2 d时可显著抑制水华鱼腥藻生长,但在2d后无法对其产生显著抑制;浓度为50%的美丽微孢藻种植水在整个实验周期内均可显著抑制水华鱼腥藻生长;浓度为25%的美丽微孢藻种植水在短期内会使大部分藻细胞处于死亡或低活性状态,但在7 d时有31.40%的藻细胞恢复了高活性状态,其化感控藻作用有限;浓度为50%的美丽微孢藻种植水在整个实验周期内均使大部分藻细胞均处于死亡或低活性状态,具有较强的化感抑制作用。     

一株溶藻细菌溶藻活性物质的成份及溶藻机制

针对一株具有明显溶藻效果的蜡状芽孢杆菌L7,应用酶制剂对其胞外溶藻活性物质的成份进行初步判定,并利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜,观察水华鱼腥藻细胞形态、结构的变化,在微观层面初步探讨菌株L7溶藻活性物质的溶藻机制。菌株L7的主要溶藻活性物质不是蛋白质、核酸或者脱氧核糖核酸。该溶藻活性物质能破坏水华鱼腥藻细胞的细胞壁,使其细胞质空化,细胞基质外泄,类囊体等结构消失,核物质四散,最终,细胞收缩变形,直至消亡。     

氮、磷等环境因子对太湖微囊藻与水华鱼腥藻生长的影响

为探索太湖主要水华藻类（微囊藻与水华鱼腥藻）在多种环境因子作用下的生长变化机理,在实验室内对部分水华藻类（微囊藻、鱼腥藻）进行分离培养,研究氮、磷、温度等环境因子对水华藻类生长增殖的影响。研究表明,高水温（30℃）是微囊藻的最适生长温度;随着氮、磷浓度的提高,微囊藻的生长速率加快;低磷是鱼腥藻生长的限制因子。同时,通过野外测定的各项指标发现,当藻类密度较低时,其与总氮、总磷呈正相关。     

Profenofos induced modulation in physiological indices,genomic template stability and protein banding patterns of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

To understand the mechanism underlying organophosphate pesticide toxicity, cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 was subjected to varied concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg L^?1) of profenofos and the effects were investigated in terms of changes in cellular physiology, genomic template stability and protein expression pattern. The supplementation of profenofos reduced the growth, total pigment content and photosynthetic efficiency of the test organism in a dose dependent manner with maximum toxic effect at 30 mg L^?1. The high fluorescence intensity of 2′, 7′ –dichlorofluorescin diacetate and increased production of malondialdehyde confirmed the prevalence of acute oxidative stress condition inside the cells of the cyanobacterium. Rapid amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting and SDS-PAGE analyses showed a significant alteration in the banding patterns of DNA and proteins respectively. A marked increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase activity and a concomitant reduction in glutathione content indicated their possible role in supporting the growth of Anabaena 7120 up to 20 mg L^?1. These findings suggest that the uncontrolled use of profenofos in the agricultural fields may not only lead to the destruction of the cyanobacterial population, but it would also disturb the nutrient dynamics and energy flow.     

IMPACT OF FOUR PESTICIDES ON THE GROWTH AND METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF TWO PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALGAE

The acute toxicity was determined for soil algae Chlorella kesslerei and Anabaena inaequalis, exposed to pesticides lindane, pentachlorophenol (PCP), isoproturon (IPU), and methyl parathion (MP). Toxicity markers included growth inhibition, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and total carbohydrate content, as a function of dose and time. Concentration response functions (EC₅₀) were estimated by probit data transformation and weighted linear regression analyses. Lindane's toxicity to Chlorella increased sharply with time (EC₅₀=7490, 10.3, 0.09 mg L^?1; 24, 48, 72 h), but remained nearly constant through 72 h with Anabaena (8.7?6.7 mg L^?1; 24–72 h). PCP at low concentrations stimulated algal growth and chlorophyll a production, an effect reversed at higher doses. Anabaena was less tolerant of PCP and MP than was Chlorella. The 96-h static EC₅₀ values for Chlorella were: 0.003, 34, 0.05, and 291 mg L^?1 for lindane, PCP, isoproturon, and MP, respectively; for Anabaena, these were 4.2, 0.13, 0.21, and 19 mg L^?1. Carbohydrate production responses were similar to those of cell density (growth) and chlorophyll biosynthesis, with MP having the lowest adverse impact. The overall relative toxicity among the four tested pesticides was: for Chlorella, lindane>IPU?PCP?MP; and for Anabaena, PCP>IPU>lindane>MP. The results confirm that toxicants such as these pesticides may affect individual (though related) species to significantly different degrees.     

变形虫Naegleria sp.TH8的分离鉴定及食藻特性

从太湖水样品中筛选分离到一株能吞噬水华鱼腥藻的原生动物TH8,经形态学及ITS rRNA序列分析鉴定为纳氏属变形虫(Naegleria sp.).显微观察显示变形虫TH8呈蛞蝓状,用透明半球形单伪足爆破前进,有运动滋养体、包囊和鞭毛体3个形态.变形虫TH8能在10~30℃生长并具有食藻活性,但在37℃或灭菌后的水华鱼腥藻中均不能生长.在新鲜水华鱼腥藻中25℃下指数期生长速率达到1.68 cell d-1.食藻特性研究表明,该变形虫在水华鱼腥藻生长的对数初期、对数后期和稳定期的吞食效果优于对数中期.水华鱼腥藻Chl a下降程度与变形虫初始浓度有关.     

N2O2与UV-C灭藻的协同效果研究及工程实验

研究了UV-C/N₂O₂催化氧化去除鱼腥藻PCC7120的效果,探讨了各种因素如c(N₂O₂),pH,辐照度及反应时间对灭藻率的影响.结果表明,N₂O₂对UV-C(紫外线C波段辐照)灭藻具有协同作用,UV-C/N₂O₂高级氧化体系对鱼腥藻PCC7120具有很强的氧化能力.在藻液中c(N₂O₂)为1 mmol/L,反应温度为25℃,pH为6.8,紫外线辐照度0.54 mW/cm2及反应20min的条件下,受试藻种的灭活率5 d后可以达到85%以上.将N₂O₂与浸没式UV-C流动除藻装置结合进行流动式的灭藻实验,灭藻效果显著,鱼腥藻PCC7120体内的SOD酶和POD酶的活性及C-PC藻蓝蛋白、叶绿素a的含量都有大幅度的下降,且灭活后的蓝藻不会重新生长.      

菖蒲对几种常见藻类的化感作用研究

自然光照条件下,菖蒲对几种藻类均有化感抑制作用,其中对水华鱼腥藻和小球藻的抑制率分别达100%和91.2%。遮光条件下,菖蒲对各藻类的化感抑制作用受到影响,效果不佳。水华鱼腥藻起始浓度越小,菖蒲种植水对其化感抑制作用越显著。小球藻生长时期越长,越易受菖蒲种植水化感作用的影响。