西递、宏村古村落的股份合作制经营模式设计

西递、宏村对世界遗产资源的经营模式在全国具有典型性,西递由村办旅游公司,收入按照人口和房屋两种形式分配.家庭化管理,经营不规范。宏村是租赁给外来企业经营，市场化运作，标准化管理，但忽视了村民的合法权益，企业和村民矛盾尖锐。股份合作制保留了这两种模式的优点，又克服了缺点，也不是这两种模式的简单相加，而是按照现代企业制度运营，它在股权设置、收益分配、民主管理各方面都有严格的规定。其经营模式的成功，将对我国其它遗产资源的经营提供镜鉴。     

南岳古镇景观基因的居民感知特征及影响因素

以南岳古镇为研究对象,在识别景观基因的基础上,从建筑特征、形态布局和参考环境三个尺度,物质形态、功能作用和文化意义三个维度,以及颜色、形状、范围和建造年代四个形态要素等角度进行了问卷和访谈调查.结果发现,南岳大庙、环境尺度、物质形态和形状因素感知度最高,方形布局、布局尺度、物质形态和文化意义感知度最低;年龄、职业、教育程度、居住时间是影响古镇景观基因居民感知的因素,性别只在景观基因尺度有影响.     

古建筑保护中的防灾减灾问题综论

通过对国内外城市环境设计及古建筑保护问题的分析，归纳了一些可供借鉴的防灾设计手法，并将古建筑保护问题拓展到倍受关注的城市减灾规划中。探讨了当今城市系统减灾规划中的若干关键问题。     

川西古镇大气环境容量计算模型

通过对川西古镇大气环境污染特点的分析。根据箱体内污染物“物质守恒”原理，以箱式模型为基础，推导出箱体内污染物之浓度随时问和空间的变化规律。建立了适合于川西古镇大气环境容量的数值计算模型。在此基础上，根据污染物自身特点，引入k1、k2两个浓度修正系数，分别建立了适合于该区域的SO2和TSP环境容量计算的修正模型。当研究区域具有下垫面变化显著或大气污染源源强变化显著等特点时，应使用改进后的单箱模式。     

Biodegradation of Kupferschiefer black shale organic matter (Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland) by indigenous microorganisms

This study provides the first evidence for the direct biodegradation of persistent organic matter extracted from the organic-rich polymetallic black shale ore Kupferschiefer, one of the most important sources of metals in the world. It was demonstrated that an enriched community of indigenous heterotrophic microorganisms isolated from black shale grown under aerobic conditions could utilize shale organic matter as the sole carbon and energy source. Colonization of shale organic matter was observed. The main biodegradation intermediates and products such as phosphonic acid dioctadecyl ester and isoindole-1,3 were detected in the aqueous phase of cultures. The bacterial community showed the ability to PAH biodegradation, assimilation of organic acids and esters as well as lipase activity. The intracellular accumulation of phosphorus by bacteria during growth on organic matter was confirmed. Strains within the genus Pseudomonas were found to dominate the bacterial population at the end of the experiment. The results of this study confirm that indigenous bacteria are likely to play a role in the biotransformation of black shale and can influence the geochemical cycles of ancient organic carbon in the deep terrestrial subsurface. This process may also occur in tailings ponds containing black shale, and cause the mobilization of potentially toxic compounds to the soil and groundwater.     

民族地区旅游产业发展中社区参与机制研究——以凤凰古城为例

为实现旅游产业的可持续发展,构建社区参与机制势在必行。从凤凰古城旅游产业发展为例,探讨了民族地区旅游发展中社区参与机制的原理,据此提出社区参与机制模型,并在政府、社区居民、古城开发商三个层面上提出推动社区参与机制建设的相关建议。     

古镇旅游商业化探讨——以凤凰古镇为例

随着凤凰古镇旅游业的发展,当地旅游收入逐年上升,居民生活质量得到了较大的提高,但当地的环境、文化风俗遭到了不同程度的破坏,使古镇旅游蒙上了浓厚的商业化色彩。通过探究凤凰古镇旅游出现的商业化现象,分析了商业化出现的原因,剖析了凤凰古镇商业化存在的问题,提出了相应的建议,为凤凰古镇旅游业朝着适度商业化方向发展提供借鉴。     

非物质文化遗产的旅游发展探索——以古徽州为例

古徽州非物质文化遗产丰富多彩、特色鲜明,是旅游开发的重要遗产。鉴于非物质文化遗产的特殊性,单纯的记录、保存和隔离的做法不能有效地保护。提出了发挥旅游促进非物质文化遗产传承的积极作用,文旅互动、统筹规划、强化管理,既利于古徽州地区非物质文化遗产的保护与传承,又有助于古徽州地区休闲旅游经济的快速发展,可实现古徽州非物质文化遗产的可持续发展。     

Tourism Development and Water Pollution: Case Study in Lijiang Ancient Town

Tourism development results in water pollution not only in water-scarce areas, but also in areas with relatively abundant water resources, such as Lijiang Ancient Town (LAT). In this article, LAT is described for its use of the freshwater resource, on account of its attractive landscaping. Tourism here has grown rapidly in recent years and at the same time the water quality has deteriorated sharply. Several investigations have been made, with the aim of finding out the causes and consequences of water quality deterioration because of tourism development. The results show that the present mode of water utilization is not sustainable, and some of the local residents have already complained about water quality degradation. Increasing numbers of tourists, relative service infrastructures, such as, shops, restaurants, and hotels, and in addition, insufficient management measures, result in the decline of water quality. Countermeasures on water management approaches are suggested to deal with the current water pollution, and make tourism development sustainable..     

Preservation of ancient DNA in thermally damaged archaeological bone

Evolutionary biologists are increasingly relying on ancient DNA from archaeological animal bones to study processes such as domestication and population dispersals. As many animal bones found on archaeological sites are likely to have been cooked, the potential for DNA preservation must be carefully considered to maximise the chance of amplification success. Here, we assess the preservation of mitochondrial DNA in a medieval cattle bone assemblage from Coppergate, York, UK. These bones have variable degrees of thermal alterations to bone collagen fibrils, indicative of cooking. Our results show that DNA preservation is not reliant on the presence of intact collagen fibrils. In fact, a greater number of template molecules could be extracted from bones with damaged collagen. We conclude that moderate heating of bone may enhance the retention of DNA fragments. Our results also indicate that ancient DNA preservation is highly variable, even within a relatively recent assemblage from contexts conducive to organic preservation, and that diagenetic parameters based on protein diagenesis are not always useful for predicting ancient DNA survival.