大伙房水库上游禽畜业污染现状及其防治对策

为了保护大伙房水库 ,控制水库上游禽畜养殖业污染 ,对禽畜养殖业污染现状进行了调查 ,估算了禽畜粪尿的流失量。结果表明 ,一头猪日排泄粪尿量约是人排粪尿的 5倍。水库上游禽畜养殖业污染负荷已超过水库上游生活污水的污染负荷 ,成为了水库上游地区主要的有机物污染源。对此 ,提出了控制禽畜业污染的对策和建议。     

机动车排放污染与城市交通环境

分析了城市机动车排放污染的状况及影响因素，特别重点讨论了机动车车型和汽车城市道路运行工况对机动车排放污染物的影响，提出了改善城市交通环境的若干措施。     

Variations in land requirements for meat production

Production of meat requires substantial amounts of feed grains which in turn require vast amounts of land. Future population growth and increase in consumption will raise the demand for meat and with it the land required for meat production. This paper analyses the various factors that affect land requirements for meat production. Meat production by Dutch broilers, pigs and beef cattle on their current feeds are compared and options for change are evaluated with respect to their nutritional needs. Differences in land requirements of a factor of 3 were found between different agricultural production systems and feeds as well as between types of livestock. It is shown that broilers have the lowest land requirement while beef cattle have the highest. The variation in feed crop yields between agricultural systems is discussed. It is concluded that due to the large variation within the system there is potential for reduction in the land requirements for meat production.     

一种高安全、容错控制计算机的设计与实现

在许多工业领域中 ,其控制系统必须是高可靠、高可用和高安全的。根据IEC 6 15 0 8标准 ,1oo2D(oneoutoftwowithdiagnostics)结构满足这些要求。实现 1oo2D结构时 ,每个通道采用双CPU结构 ,通道间同步采用软硬件结合方式 ,硬件数据比较器具备强故障安全特性 ,通道间通信采用高速并行方式 ,自诊断包括内嵌诊断设备、自诊断程序和看门狗。研制了实验原型机 ,进行的功能测试和错误注入测试表明 :其控制功能正常 ,容错性能和安全性能满足工业控制要求     

Parent–offspring communication in the Nile crocodile <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crocodylus niloticus</Emphasis>: do newborns’ calls show an individual signature?

Young Nile crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus start to produce calls inside the egg and carry on emitting sounds after hatching. These vocalizations elicit maternal care and influence the behaviour of other juveniles. In order to investigate the acoustic structure of these calls, focusing on a possible individual signature, we have performed acoustic analyses on 400 calls from ten young crocodiles during the first 4 days after hatching. Calls have a complex acoustic structure and are strongly frequency modulated. We assessed the differences between the calls of the individuals. We found a weak individual signature. An individual call-based recognition of young by the mother is thus unlikely. In other respects, the call acoustic structure changes from the first to the fourth day after hatching: fundamental frequency progressively decreases. These modifications might provide important information to the mother about her offspring—age and size—allowing her to customize her protective care to best suit the needs of each individual. Electronic supplementary material  Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

行为安全观察与沟通在石油化工企业HSE管理中的应用

介绍了行为安全观察与沟通的基本原理及方法,阐述了行为安全观察与沟通的过程及其信息化管理的应用情况,指出了安全观察与沟通应注意的问题。     

短波通信系统阻塞干扰控制方法研究

以作战平台的通信系统为背景,分析了阻塞干扰的形成机理及其对于接收机的危害,指出了几种传统解决方法的不足,在此基础上提出了应用自适应干扰抵消技术解决阻塞干扰的方法。该方法利用矢量合成的方法控制取样信号的幅度和相位,在接收端与干扰信号相互抵消。最后讨论了自适应干扰抵消系统实现过程中可能遇到的问题。     

Risk communication and risk perception: lessons from the 2011 floods in Brisbane,Australia

Risk communication and risk perception are critical factors in disaster management. Governments at all levels play a part in communicating risk, whereas the perception of risk entails active roles by community participants, including potential and actual victims of disasters. This paper discusses these matters in relation to the floods in Brisbane, Australia, in 2011. The findings are based on interviews with representatives of households whose dwellings or business premises were fully or partially inundated by the waters. The research shows how important it is to recognise the problems of institutional fragmentation in terms of communication and the active engagement of recipients in understanding and interpreting flood risk information (especially for slow‐onset riverine flooding, such as that suffered by Brisbane). Locally targeted information on risk is of vital importance in avoiding the misinterpretation of warning information in relation to environmental cues and in promoting adequate responses. The paper concludes with some recommendations.     

Selling displaced people? A multi‐method study of the public communication strategies of international refugee organisations

The world has seen a major increase in forced displacement since 2011. As a growing number of states implement restrictive refugee policies, public communication has become essential for refugee organisations. This study analysed, therefore, three international refugee organisations’ discursive strategies towards the recent Syrian crisis, as well as their production and the social context. A critical discourse analysis of international press releases (N=122) and six semi‐structured interviews with press and regional officers revealed that the observed actors largely dehumanise displaced people and subordinate them to the ‘Western self’ and state interests; displaced people hardly ever acquire their own voice. The study found that the medium characteristics of press releases and the importance of media attention result in a depersonalising humanitarian discourse. In addition, there were indications of a post‐humanitarian discourse that reproduced the humanitarian sector's ‘marketisation’. Finally, the examined organisations use the political realist cross‐issue persuasion strategy, displaying displaced people as resettlement objects.