隧道施工生产安全网络平台系统的技术研究

首先分析了专业网络的发展趋势,介绍了专业网络的几种实现技术。然后重点介绍了基于蓝牙无线专业网络技术,并阐述了其技术特点和优越性。最后设计了基于蓝牙技术的公路隧道施工生产安全网络智能监控系统平台,该系统将蓝牙通信技术与有线电话和互联网融为一体,组成专业网络监控网,在具有蓝牙功能的专业设备间的内部构建网络以实现无线通信,对外实现以太网接入,实现对公路隧道施工生产安全网络平台智能监控的本地集中控制和远程控制。     

网络视域下突发事件对旅游目的地形象的影响过程研究

突发事件直接影响旅游目的地形象,关系到目的地的可持续发展。基于网络视域,从旅游者感知角度,建立突发事件影响目的地形象的过程模型。根据突发事件网络传播的效应——信息爆炸效应和舆论聚合效应,将模型分解为对目的地形象的强化过程和反馈过程。突发事件的网络传播会加速目的地形象感知的过程并深化目的地形象感知的内容,从而强化对目的地形象的感知,反馈过程导致目的地形象的调整。分析表明,网络视域下突发事件对目的地形象的影响更加显著。最后总结网络信息时代目的地遭遇突发事件时维护自身形象的策略。     

The Lyon-Turin High-Speed Rail: The Public Debate and Perception of Environmental Risk in Susa Valley,Italy

When the construction of the Lyon-Turin segment of the new European high-speed rail network was first publicly announced at the beginning of the 1990s, it immediately found fierce opposition from the inhabitants of Susa Valley, Italy, one of the areas to be cut across by such infrastructure. At issue were the project’s potential environmental impact and its consequences on public health. This study intends to clarify environmental risk perception and public debate between the national government, local advocacy groups, and the inhabitants of Susa Valley. Two major phases of public reaction were identified: (1) an initial rebellious period of no real dialog among the project’s major stakeholders (exemplified by the popular “No TAV” [No High Speed Train] movement), followed by (2) a yielding period of intense multilateral negotiations centered on the activities of the “Lyon-Turin Environmental Observatory.” The results of a qualitative cross analysis of the residents’ perception of the proposed high-speed rail revealed that public acceptance of risk in Susa Valley was influenced by the characteristics of hazards perceived by the residents and by the communicative approach used by the project’s various stakeholders. It also emerged that early dialog among all the parties involved was critical in forming a personal viewpoint on risk, which, once consolidated, defied new information and perspectives. Likely, a greater and earlier care taken by the other stakeholders to inform and consult the local population about the railway would have greatly eased the public debate.     

Potential mechanisms for the communication of height and distance by a stingless bee, Melipona panamica

This study investigates the recruitment communication mechanisms of a stingless bee, Melipona panamica, whose foragers can evidently communicate the three-dimensional location of a good food source. To determine if the bees communicate location information inside or outside the nest, we conducted removal experiments by training marked foragers to one of two identical feeders and then separating these experienced foragers from potential recruits as they left the nest. The feeders were positioned to test the communication of each dimension. The results show that recruits do not simply follow experienced foragers to the food source. Height and distance are communicated within the nest, while direction is communicated outside the nest. We then examined the pulsed sounds produced by recruiting foragers. While unloading food, recruiting foragers produced several short pulses and one or more very long pulses. On average, the longest unloading pulse per performance was 31–50% longer (P ≤ 0.018) for bees foraging on the forest floor than for bees foraging at the top of the forest canopy (40 m high). While dancing, recruiting foragers produced sound pulses whose duration was positively correlated with the distance to the food source (P < 0.001). Dancing recruiters also produced several short sound pulses followed by one or more long pulses. The longest dance pulse per performance was 291 ± 194 ms for a feeder 25 m from the nest and 1858 ± 923 ms for a feeder 360 m away from the nest. The mechanism of directional communication remains a mystery. However, the direction removal experiment demonstrates that newcomers cannot use forager-deposited scent marks for long-distance orientation (>100 m from the nest). Received: 25 September 1997 / Accepted after revision: 31 May 1998     

New considerations for SIL verification of functional safety fieldbus communication

Safety integrity level (SIL) verification of functional safety fieldbus communication is an essential part of SIL verification of safety instrumented system (SIS), and it requires quantifying residual error probability (RP) and residual error rate of function safety communication. The present quantification method of residual error rate uses RP of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to approximately replace the total RP of functional safety communication. Since CRC only detects data integrity-related errors and CRC has intrinsically undetected error, some other residual errors are not being considered. This research found some residual errors of the present quantification method. Then, this research presents an extended new approach, which takes the found residual errors into account to determine more comprehensive and reasonable RP and residual error rate. From perspective of the composition of safety message, this research studies RPs of those controlling segments (sequence number, time expectation, etc.) to cover the found residual errors beyond CRC detection coverage, and the influences of insertion/masquerade errors and time window on RP are investigated. The results turn out these residual errors, especially insertion/masquerade errors, may have a great influence on quantification of residual error rate and SIL verification of functional safety communication, and they should be treated seriously.     

浅议风险观对风险评价方法论的影响

风险观对安全科学的发展具有重要的指导意义。本文从风险本体论、风险认识论和风险方法论三个方面论述了风险观的发展变迁。简述了风险本体论从一维、二维到三维或多维的发展历程,总结了风险认识论从技术导向到社会文化导向的变化,给出了风险方法论的分类。总结了风险方法论的重要组成部分即风险评价的发展过程,探讨了确定性风险评价、概率性风险评价和定量风险评价等评价方法在风险本体论和认识论发展背景下的继承性等问题,探讨风险本体论和认识论对风险评价方法论的影响,提出风险沟通研究的必要性。     

Communication and use of climate scenarios for climate change adaptation in Finland,Sweden and Norway

This paper assesses the communication and the use of climate scenarios at the science–science and science–policy interface in Finland, Sweden and Norway. It is based on document analysis and stakeholder questionnaires. The questionnaires targeted three stakeholder groups, all engaged in the communication and the use of climate scenario information: climate scenario producers; impact, adaptation and vulnerability (IAV) experts; and policy-makers. The respondents were asked to identify issues associated with the communication of scenarios and other needs pertaining to the usefulness and availability of such information. Despite the relatively long history of climate change adaptation in the three countries, climate scenarios are not utilised to their full potential. Climate scenarios have been used in awareness raising, problem understanding and strategy development. However, far less examples can be found on adaptation actions, particularly on harnessing the benefits of climate change. The communication between climate scenario producers and IAV experts functions well; however, communication between climate researchers and policy-makers is less efficient. Each country has developed boundary services to enhance dissemination of the climate scenario information to policy-makers. They are cost-efficient but do not necessarily enhance the comprehension of the information and encourage the actual dialogue between scenario producers and the end-users. Further translation of scenario information to impact and vulnerability estimates together with established boundary work could improve the use of climate research information. As adaptation policy in these countries further progresses towards implementation, there are increasing expectations of support from research, further challenging the communication of climate scenarios.     

战术电台热带自然环境试验方法探讨

介绍了自然环境试验的概念及开展自然环境试验的目的和意义,给出了在热带条件下战术电台的自然环境试验总体方案,列举了自然环境试验与实验室试验的区别和联系,最后对进行自然环境试验应注意的问题进行了阐述。     

舰船通信系统电磁兼容设计分析

水面舰船综合通信系统集成度高、功能强大、系统各指标相互关联,因此进行通信系统电磁兼容设计有相当的技术难度,本文为保证舰船综合通信系统多频段、多业务、多电台正常协调地工作,提供了电磁兼容设计的方法。