Antibiotic contamination control mediated by manganese oxidizing bacteria in a lab-scale biofilter

Antibiotic micro-pollution is usually found at the ng/L–level in drinking water sources or discharge water of wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel approach mediated by manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) in a biofilter was developed to control the pollution. The results indicated that the biogenic manganese oxide (MnO_x) produced during the oxidation of the feeding manganese ions could coat the surface of the filtering sand effecting the simultaneous removal of antibiotics. It was found that the removal of antibiotics is insured as long as the feeding manganese was well removed and was not influenced by the hydraulic loading. The growth rate of the MnOB group revealed that the antibiotic concentration at 50 and 100 ng/L promoted their activity, but it was inhibited at 500 and 1000 ng/L. The structure of the bacterial community was stable in the presence of antibiotics (50 ng/L), but their extracellular processes changed. The removal performance of the feeding manganese seemed to relate to the extracellular processes of the dominant bacterial genus. Moreover, the freshly formed MnO_x was a buserite-like material that was rich in Mn(III) and Mn(IV) (94.1%), favoring the degradation. The biofilter did not generate additional antibiotic resistant genes in the presence of antibiotics.     

Uptake and translocation of sulfamethazine by alfalfa grown under hydroponic conditions

Antibiotics are routinely used in intensive animal agriculture operations collectively known as Concentrated Animal Feed Operations(CAFO) which include dairy, poultry and swine farms. Wastewater generated by CAFOs often contains low levels of antibiotics and is typically managed in an anaerobic lagoon. The objective of this research is to investigate the uptake and fate of aqueous sulfamethazine(SMN) antibiotic by alfalfa(Medicago sativa)grass grown under hydroponic conditions. Uptake studies were conducted using hydroponically grown alfalfa in a commercially available nutrient solution supplemented with 10 mg/L of SMN antibiotic. Analysis of alfalfa sap, root zone, middle one-third, and top portion of the foliage showed varying uptake rate and translocation of SMN. The highest average amount of SMN(8.58 μg/kg) was detected in the root zone, followed by the top portion(1.89 μg/kg), middle one-third(1.30 μg/kg), and sap(0.38 μg/kg) samples, indicating a clear distribution of SMN within the sampled regions. The ultraviolet(UV) spectra of parent SMN and translocated SMN identified in different parts of the plant present the possibility of metabolization during the uptake process. Uptake of SMN using alfalfa grown under hydroponic conditions has potential as a promising remediation technology for removal of similar antibiotics from wastewater lagoons.     

SPE-UPLC-MS/MS测定水中不同类别的9种抗生素

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/电喷雾离子源/三重四极杆串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水中不同类别的9种抗生素的方法。水样经HLB固相萃取柱富集净化,6 m L酸化甲醇(φ(甲酸)=0.5%,先加入3 m L洗脱液,过柱完全后,再空抽至抽干,再加3 m L洗脱液)洗脱、浓缩,用V(甲醇)︰V(甲酸)=8︰2的水溶液1 m L定容后,采用BEH C18柱,以φ(甲酸)=0.01%的甲酸溶液-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用串联质谱作为检测器进行检测。方法快速、灵敏,适用于水体中抗生素残留的测定。     

Highly efficient and selective removal of low-concentration antibiotics from aqueous solution by regenerable Mg(OH)2

The prevalent presence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in aquatic environments has attracted considerable attention because of their harmful effects on humans and the ecological environment. Magnesium hydroxide nanocrystals were found to act as a simple and effective adsorbent to remove low-concentration ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aqueous solution. The as-prepared Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystals exhibited excellent CIP adsorption performance and high selectivity toward CIP molecules compared with other antibiotics or aromatics, e.g., norfloxacin (NOR) and eosin B (EB). The adsorbent showed pH-dependent adsorption, indicating that the adsorption process is probably dominated by an electrostatic interaction mechanism. In addition, structural analysis of the adsorbent indicated that coordination and hydrogen bonding between CIP and Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystal might also be involved in the adsorption process. Moreover, the adsorbent could be easily recovered by pyrolysis and hydration without significant reduction of adsorption capacity. The superior adsorption behavior of Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystal indicates that it may serve as a potential adsorbent material candidate for the selective removal of CIP from aquatic environments.     

Occurrence of sulfonamide antimicrobials in private water wells in Washington County, Idaho, USA

Samples from six private wells formerly used as sources for drinking water by the residents of Washington County (Weiser, Idaho) were collected to assess the impact of a nearby confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) on the quality of the local groundwater. All six samples were found contaminated by two veterinary antimicrobials, sulfamethazine (at concentrations from 0.076 to 0.22 μg/l) and sulfadimethoxine (at concentrations from 0.046 to 0.068 μg/l). These groundwater samples also contained elevated concentrations of nitrate and ammonium. Three of the sampled wells have nitrate levels that exceeded the maximum contaminant level set by the US Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water, with nitrate concentration as high as 39.1 mg/l. All but one well showed nitrate, which instead contained ammonium at 1.22 mg/l. Analysis of the nitrate and ammonium in these samples by isotopic ratio mass spectrometry indicated δ¹⁵N characteristic of an animal or human waste source. Results from this study underscore the role of CAFO as an important source of antibiotic contamination of groundwater.     

Trends in the occurrence of human and veterinary antibiotics in the sediments of the Yellow River, Hai River and Liao River in northern China

The occurrence of four classes of 17 commonly used antibiotics (including fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and macrolides) was investigated in the sediments of the Yellow River, Hai River and Liao River in northern China by using rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Higher concentrations were detected for most antibiotics in the sediments of the Hai River than in the sediments of the other rivers. Norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline in the three rivers were most frequently detected with concentrations up to 5770, 1290, 653 and 652 ng/g, respectively. High frequencies and concentrations of the detected antibiotics were often found in the downstream of large cities and areas influenced by feedlot and fish ponds. Good fitted linear regression equations between antibiotic concentration and sediment physicochemical properties (TOC, texture and pH) were also found, indicating that sediment properties are important factors influencing the distribution of antibiotics in the sediment of rivers.     

水环境中抗生素的来源分布及对健康的影响

综述了水环境中抗生素污染的主要类型、来源及对生态和健康的影响,指出医用抗生素、农林牧渔用抗生素和企业废水中的抗生素是其主要污染来源.水环境中的抗生素污染改变了水生微生物菌群,导致耐药菌株的产生,在农副产品中残留,造成严重的过敏反应和毒副作用,并增加了患者的经济负担.提出了职能部门加强管理,提高医药工作人员的业务水平,选择最佳治疗方案,加强健康教育,合理使用农林牧渔业的抗生素等预防管理措施.     

中国北方地区水体中四环素族抗生素残留现状分析

为了更好了解北方市政污水等水体中四环素族抗生素残留现状,采用固相萃取方法对中国北方地区市政污水样品进行富集和净化,以高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析样品中四环素族抗生素残留量。在调查的13个污水样品中四环素族抗生素普遍检出,且浓度分别达到四环素1114.27ng/L、土霉素2175.65ng/L、金霉素149.09ng/L和强力霉素187.45ng/L。结果表明,在我国近岸污水排放中依然有大量四环素类抗生素存在,应加强对近岸海洋环境中抗生素残留的监测与管理。     

高级氧化技术降解水体中抗生素的研究进展

抗生素是一类用于阻止和治疗微生物传染性疾病的人用和兽用药物,在人类和动物疾病治疗领域以及水产养殖业有着广泛的用途。近年来,抗生素作为一种新型污染物不断排入水体并且在水体中持续存在,对水生态环境以及人类健康造成了威胁。化学和生物等降解技术引起广泛关注,其中高级氧化技术(AOPs)由于其具有适用范围广、反应速率快、氧化能力强等特点,被成功应用到自然水体和污水中抗生素等多种有机污染物的降解。基于近年来的研究成果,综述了几种常见AOPs对抗生素的降解过程和机理,对比分析了对抗生素的降解效果,最后展望了AOPs应用于抗生素降解的研究方向和挑战。     

武汉市东湖抗生素污染现状及生态风险评估

对东湖水域内16个点位进行采样,采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪对28种抗生素做了污染现状调查及生态风险评估。研究发现,有20种抗生素在不同点位被检出,检出浓度由高到低为：喹诺酮类、氯霉素类和磺胺类,污染物检出情况总体呈现“南高北低,东高西低”的结果。考虑到东湖南部采样点位周边有多个农业种植、水产养殖和畜禽养殖地及其对东湖的潜在抗生素污染,证实了人类活动与抗生素污染密切相关。对抗生素采用风险商法做生态风险评估,结果表明,东湖南部采样点位的恶喹酸和氟甲喹的生态环境风险处于较低水平,其他抗生素的生态风险可以忽略。