林地大气氮沉降通量观测对比研究

以中国科学院红壤生态实验站森林微气象分站阔叶林为研究对象,采用穿透雨量法和微气象学推论法对该阔叶林地大气氮沉降通量进行了对比研究.结果表明,穿透雨量法观测2006年10月～2007年9月林地NH4+-N干沉降通量为37.66kgN/(hm2.a),NO3--N干沉降通量为18.53kgN/(hm2·a),其中NH4+-N是氮化物干沉降的主要贡献者,占总干沉降的67.0％.该研究方法所得结果与微气象学方法观测结果具有较好的一致性,表明穿透雨量法估算林地氮干沉降通量具有一定的可靠性.微气象学法与穿透雨量法观测结果共同说明研究地大气氮沉降量较高,过量的氮输入对研究地生态系统的影响值得关注.     

微生物处理土壤石油污染的研究进展

利用微生物治理土壤石油污染，是当前应用前景最看好的处理方法，文章对此方面的研究情况作了系统的汇总。现有的研究工作可分为4大类：污染现状评价，影响因素识别，降烃微生物研究，生物促进机制研究。在分别对每类研究中的不同方面进行介绍的基础上，分析了现有研究中存在的不足，并对今后的研究趋势作了预测和展望。     

人工湿地在农业面源污染控制中的应用研究

由漂浮植物池、沉水植物池、挺水植物池以及草滤带组成的人工湿地,对氮、磷、泥沙以及有机物有较好的吸收、吸附以及物理沉降作用,可以控制农田径流污染,具有工艺简洁,运行管理方便,生态环境效益显著,投资少等优点,是控制农业面源污染的实用工程技术。      

微囊藻毒素毒理学研究综述

微囊藻毒素常见于富营养化的水体中，结构是单环多肽链，其中均含有特殊的必要需活性氨基酸基团。ＭＣＹＳＴ的化学性质稳定，但可被生物降解和ＵＶ光解。利福平等化学保护剂可预防其毒作用。该文就ＭＣＹＳＴ的理化性质，暴露剂量，毒作用及机理，预防等各方面的研究，作一综述。     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

珠江口海域污染及其研究趋势

珠江口海域陆源污染物逐年增加,海洋环境污染问题越来越严重,珠江口已成为我国近岸污染最严重的海域之一,污染正在成为制约该地区经济发展的负面因素.为有效开展珠江口海域综合整治,实现珠江三角洲区域经济的可持续发展,作者从珠江口海域的实际情况出发,就如何解决向海洋排污和防止海域污染的问题、该海域当前应当首先确定的环境保护科学优先研究领域和应该重点关注的问题等进行了深入研究和探讨.     

玻璃幕墙光污染特征研究

根据日照理论和空间几何理论,对玻璃幕墙光污染特征进行计算分析。结果表明,南向玻璃幕墙光污染发生在冬至和春秋分,冬至以中等污染为主,上下午持续时间长;春秋分以轻微污染等级为主,上下午持续时间短;北向玻璃幕墙全年无光污染;其他朝向玻璃幕墙光污染全年均有,冬至主要在南至东的朝向,春秋分在南至东北朝向,夏至除南北朝向外所有朝向;光污染持续时间受朝向影响,冬至大,春秋分和夏至小。光污染影响区域大小、位置随朝向变化,冬至剧烈,春秋分和夏季缓和且稳定。     

Photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of 6-chloronicotinic acid

This work describes for the first time the photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of 6-chloronicotinic acid (6CNA) in double deionised water, which is a degradation product of neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and acetamiprid, and it is known to appear in different environmental matrices. Photolytic experiments were performed with three UVA (ultraviolet A) polychromatic fluorescent lamps with broad maximum at 355 nm, while photocatalytic experiments were performed using immobilised titanium dioxide (TiO₂) on six glass slides in the spinning basket inside a photocatalytic quartz cell under similar irradiation conditions. Photolytic degradation revealed no change in concentration of 6CNA within 120 min of irradiation, while the photocatalytic degradation within 120 min, obeyed first-order kinetics. The observed disappearance rate constant was k = 0.011 ± 0.001 min⁻¹ and t_1/2 was 63.1 ± 5.5 min. Mineralisation rate was estimated through total organic carbon (TOC) and measurements revealed no carbon removal in case of photolysis after 120 min of exposure. However in photocatalytic experiments 46 ± 7% mineralisation was achieved within 120 min of irradiation. Nevertheless, the removal of total nitrogen (TN) was not observed across all experiments. Ion chromatographic analyses indicated transformation of chlorine atoms to chloride and increase of nitrate(V) ions only via photocatalytic experiments. Efficiency of selected advanced oxidation process (AOP) was investigated through toxicity assessment with Vibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria and revealed higher adverse effects of treated samples on bacteria following photocatalytic degradation in spite of the fact that higher mineralisation was achieved. New hydroxylated product generated in photocatalytic experiments with TiO₂, was confirmed with liquid chromatography-electro spray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analyses, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR).     

国外最佳管理措施在农业非点源污染防治中的应用

概述了国外最佳管理措施(BMPs)在农业非点源污染防治中的应用现状,工程措施有人工湿地、植被缓冲区和水陆交错带;管理措施有测土施肥、变量施肥、免耕-少耕法和生物篱等,以及它们所取得的成果,并展望其在国外和国内的发展趋势和前景.     

GIS技术及其在环境保护领域中的应用

地理信息系统GIS是一门以计算机为基础的新兴技术，围绕着这项技术的研究、开发和应用，形成了一门交叉性、边缘性学科，其在环境保护等领域的应用将有力地促进环境保护工作的开展，作者简要介绍了GIS技术的特点以及在环境保护领域中的具体应用。