危险废物管理和治理技术现状与探讨

通过对国内外危险废物管理现状及污染治理技术水平的对比分析，探讨了目前国内存在的问题及适合我国实际的危险废物治理技术发展趋势，并提出我国危险废物控制战略。     

Effects of reproduction on the antipredator tactics of snakes (Tropidonophis mairii, Colubridae)

Does an animal’s reproductive state influence the distance at which it flees from an approaching predator? We predicted that reproduction would increase approach distances in pregnant females (because they are burdened with eggs and thus less able to escape rapidly), but reduce them in males (because of lower vigilance due to males focusing on mate-searching rather than predator detection). Field data on approach distances of keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii, Natricinae, Colubridae) supported both of these predictions. We walked the same 1.3-km transect along a dam wall in tropical Australia on 135 nights, and recorded the distances at which snakes fled from our approach. Locomotor speeds were measured for a subset of these animals. Variations in approach distance due to season, weather conditions, prior capture history and snake body size were minor, but reproduction strongly affected approach distances for snakes of both sexes. Gravid females were slower than non-gravid females, and fled at greater distances. Reproductive status did not affect locomotor speeds of males, but males that were reproductive (i.e., contained sperm) permitted closer approach than did non-reproductive adult males. Reproduction thus affected approach distances in snakes of both sexes, but in opposite directions and for different reasons.     

凝冰路面弯道路段停车视距计算方法

考虑到我国公路路线设计规范中停车视距计算未涉及弯道参数及路面凝冰引起的路面摩阻系数降低等严重危害车辆行驶安全的因素,以AASHTO模型为基础,通过分析弯道路段车辆行驶时的受力、路面摩阻系数、超高、圆曲线半径等因素推导了凝冰路面弯道路段停车视距计算模型,得出了最不利情况下凝冰路面弯道路段停车视距参考值。当路面发生凝冰现象时,若车辆以交通安全法规规定的冰雪路面最高车速30 km/h行驶,通过对比该行驶速度下凝冰路面弯道路段停车视距与我国规范规定的停车视距可知,没有发挥道路的最大通行能力。以现有道路设计采用的停车视距反算出在役路面发生凝冰现象时的安全行车控制速度,为凝冰路面弯道路段车辆安全行驶控制提供参考。     

激光传输在环境监控中的应用设计

对将激光通信技术在环境监控中的应用进行了研究，探讨了大气环境下数据传输的信号调制方式以及提高通信距离和减少系统噪声的方法，设计了可用于环境监控数据传输的激光传输系统实用电路。经安装、调试、运行，结果表明，该系统在视距通信条件下应用，具有电路制作简单、设备架设灵活方便、数据传输性能稳定和传输系统成本低廉等优点。     

Long-range transport potential of semivolatile organic chemicals in coupled air-water systems

Ongoing deliberations on the regulation of semivolatile organic chemicals require the assessment of chemical transport in atmospheric and marine systems. The characteristic travel distance was proposed as a measure for the transport potential in air and water. However, the existing definition treats the transport processes separately. It is shown that combined transport in coupled air-ocean systems can accelerate the overall transport into remote regions. Concentration ratios in air and water change with distance from sources depending on the initial concentration ratio and on the difference between the transport velocities. A measure is suggested facilitating the chemical screening with respect to transport potentials in such air-ocean systems. A case study for alpha and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane shows that the suggested measure qualitatively reveals the transport potentials of these chemicals and exemplifies possible concentration patterns.     

Modeling and interpreting the accuracy assessment error matrix for a doubly classified map

This paper considers two maps having the same spatial extent and the same mapping categories but where each map is subject to classification error. An overlay of the maps yields a (dis)similarity matrix whose (i, j)-entry is the areal proportion placed into category i by the first map and into category j by the second map. A parametric model, called the latent truth model, is proposed which specifies the dissimilarity matrix in terms of the true (but unknown) proportions for the mapping categories as well as the unknown error rates for the two maps. The number of parameters in the model exceeds the degrees of freedom in the dissimilarity matrix. However, a method of regularization is applied to effectively reduce the dimension of the parameter space and to permit model fitting. From the fitted model, one obtains estimates for the true mapping proportions as well as estimated error matrices for each of the maps. Accuracy assessment characteristics for each map (such as user's accuracy, producer's accuracy, overall accuracy, and the kappa coefficient) can be computed from the estimated error matrices. Methods are illustrated with two landcover maps of Wicomico County, Maryland.     

用模糊贴近度方法评价土壤重金属污染程度

分析了模糊贴近度方法用于土壤环境质量评价的基本步骤,并以贵州省遵义市环境质量评价为实例,探讨了模糊贴近度方法在土壤环境质量评价中的应用。结果表明,基于模糊贴近度的土壤环境质量评价原理直观、客观,计算方法简单,能较完整地反映土壤环境质量污染程度,是一种实用而准确的评价方法。     

关于区域环境质量的复合模糊距离评价方法及应用探讨

从分析环境质量结构和模糊理论对环境质量构成特征表达的客观性入手，通过用主要因子单要素对模糊距离的复合修订，建立了符合环境质量特征和环境质量评价本质要求的复合模糊距离的评价方法和模型，使评价结果突破以往的定性描述而达到准确定量判定。应用实例表明，该方法具有合理性和适用性，实用价值较高     

Numerical investigation of surface conduit parallel gas pipeline explosive based on the TNT equivalent weight method

With the rapid development of petroleum industry, the transport pipelines of oil and gas are increasingly constructed to minimize land use conflicts. Therefore, the parallel pipelines are unavoidable in order to save land resource, reduce the pipeline construction and maintenance costs. The economy and security of pipeline laying and running is the primary problem considered in pipeline construction, which the parallel spacing plays a decisive role to. The leakage of natural gas is very serious and dangerous due to its flammable and combustible. The explosive of leak gas causes impact failure to parallel pipeline. Specific to the surface conduit parallel gas pipeline, numerical simulation of leak natural gas explosive was carried out based on TNT equivalent weight method. Explosive damage degree of pipeline decreased with the pipeline distance increasing. Consulting with the pipeline ovalization strain design criteria and the combustion effect, the safety parallel natural gas pipeline space maybe at least 4 m to ensure the surface conduit parallel pipeline safely and steadily operation.     

Job engagement,perceived organizational support,high‐performance human resource practices,and cultural value orientations: A cross‐level investigation

Drawing on social exchange theory, we developed and tested a cross‐level model of organizational‐level predictors of job engagement. Specifically, we examined the impact of high‐performance human resource (HR) practices on employee engagement and work outcomes. Based on a sample of 605 employees, their immediate supervisors, and HR managers from 130 companies, our results indicated that high‐performance HR practices were directly related to job engagement as well as indirectly related through employees' perceived organizational support. In turn, job engagement was positively related to in‐role performance and negatively related to intent to quit. Culture was found to act as a critical contextual factor, as our results also revealed that the relationship between HR practices and perceived organizational support was stronger when collectivism was high and when power distance orientation was low. Overall, the findings shed new light on the processes and conditions through which employee work‐related outcomes are enhanced owing to high‐performance HR practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.