二级出水中磷的混凝处理研究

以北京市某污水处理厂的二级出水中总磷为去除对象,通过混凝的静态烧杯实验[1],确定了二级出水除磷效果较好的絮凝剂聚合氯化铁(PFC)[2]和Al2(SO4)3[3]混合使用的最佳投药量,使出水中磷(TP)符合再生水水质标准的要求.絮凝剂组合时静态混凝烧杯实验表明:PFC-Al2(SO4)3体积比1∶1时,最佳投药量离子浓度比为:Fe3 /Al3 ∶9.9/7(mg·L-1),此时TP去除率为93%,浊度去除率为33%.PFC-Al2(SO4)3体积比1:2时,最佳投药量离子浓度比为:Fe3 /Al3 ∶4.95/7(mg·L-1),此时TP去除率为88%,浊度去除率为71%.     

省域生态环境质量动态评价及差异研究

以2010~2015年30个省域为研究对象，采用“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”框架构建评价指标体系，运用逐层纵横向拉开档次法确定指标权重，运用“时间度”和“熵值”法确定时间权重，构建TOWA-GA混合算子生态环境质量动态评价模型.结果表明：6a来，30个省域生态环境质量总体均值为0.837，整体呈好转趋势，但省域间差异明显.通过Theil指数分析发现，省域间总体差异下降了15.91%，人口密度和人口自然增长率是省域间差异的主要影响因素.     

从动力地质作用原理探讨沙漠化成因

大规模沙漠化从岩石记录中可以追溯到中生代中期，第四纪以来南北两半球各存在一条中纬度沙漠带，中国的沙漠化是这个全球沙漠化进程的一个组成部分。沙漠化是在地质演化过程中受内、外动力地质作用联合控制的地质事件。是岩石圈与大气圈、生物圈及水圈强烈作用在地壳表层形成的一种特殊地质现象。这种现象的形成与演化是漫长的和具有周期性的，不会因为局部的条件变化而发生整体意义上的突变。人类活动是局部的，在整个地球沙漠化进程中只是起到一个加速剂的作用。沙漠化过程可分为3个阶段，即物理风化与沙源积聚阶段、风沙作用阶段和沙漠化阶段。沙漠期后沙丘沙经过固化生草、胶结成岩阶段后即形成风成砂岩。     

战略环境影响评价程序设计的探讨

政策是分阶段作用于生态环境的规律,故可将战略环境影响评价分析程序分为三个分程序①政策审查分析和生态评价;②政策与生态环境相互作用的作用机制和作用网络分析程序 ;③政策环境影响量化和计算程序.对每个分程序的分析原理、依据、方法、技术、手段、步骤进行了简明扼要地分析.     

陕西铜厂矿田控矿断裂带显微构造特征

本文在研究铜厂矿田地质特征和宏观断裂构造带特征的基础上 ,对矿田内不同类型断裂构造岩进行了分类和显微结构面力学性质的鉴定 ,研究了岩石和矿物的形变与相变 ,探讨了微观领域内的动力成岩成矿作用 ,并分别估算和厘定了古应力的大小和方向 ,为再现矿田构造应力场奠定了基础。     

近百年中国亚热带地区农业气候带界限动态变化及其对农业生产的影响

本文利用我国东部亚热带地区315个站点的资料,采用农业气候带分界指标,分析了北亚热带北界、中亚热带北界、南亚热带北界3个界限近百年的动态变化以及农业气候带界限波动变化对农业生产的影响。     

Chance-constrained programming (CCP)abatement of SO_2 emission for acid deposition control in Liuzhou City

A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended.     

加氢原料缓冲罐串压事故动态模拟研究

通过工艺流程动态模拟,研究某渣油加氢装置在反应进料泵事故紧急停车后,不同工艺设计方案组合条件下,引发高压气体反串到低压原料缓冲罐的事故影响。研究结果表明:泵出口双单向阀和紧急切断阀的设计对降低超压事故的发生有很好的保护作用;切断阀关闭时间越短对原料缓冲罐超压保护越有利;安全阀和缓冲罐的设计条件须与切断阀关闭时间和单向阀数量等设计条件综合考虑。通过动态模拟方法研究工艺操作异常工况,对优化工艺设计,提高本质安全设计有参考价值。     

杞麓湖主要污染物的动态变化特征研究

以１９９７年杞麓湖水质监测结果为基础，运用相关分析，双因子方差分析等方法，对杞麓湖主要污染物动态变化特征的研究结果表明，杞麓湖主要污染物的空间分布较为均匀；ＢＯＤ５和ＴＮ都有较为明显的季节变化。     

INTEGRATING HUMANS IN ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT USING MULTI‐CRITERIA DECISION MAKING1

ABSTRACT: The Ecosystem Management (EM) process belongs to the category of Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems. It requires appropriate decision support systems (DSS) where “all interested people” would be involved in the decision making process. Environmental values critical to EM, such as the biological diversity, health, productivity and sustainability, have to be studied, and play an important role in modeling the ecosystem functions; human values and preferences also influence decision making. Public participation in decision and policy making is one of the elements that differentiate EM from the traditional methods of management. Here, a methodology is presented on how to quantify human preferences in EM decision making. The case study of the National Park of River Nestos Delta and Lakes Vistonida and Ismarida in Greece, presented as an application of this methodology, shows that the direct involvement of the public, the quantification of its preferences and the decision maker's attitude provide a strong tool to the EM decision making process. Public preferences have been given certain weights and three MCDM methods, namely, the Expected Utility Method, Compromise Programming and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, have been used to select alternative management solutions that lead to the best configuration of the ecosystem and are also socially acceptable.