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31.
马尾松根化感物质的生物活性评价与物质鉴定 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
通过超临界流体萃取技术提取和分离马尾松根化感物质,并依据生物活性评价结果筛选抑制活性较强的组分进行物质鉴定.就总体而言,生物活性评价结果表明:非夹带剂萃取的马尾松根化感物质对马尾松种子的发芽势、胚根长、胚轴长及鲜物质重、干物质重具有不同程度的促进作用,而对发芽率则具有不同程度的抑制作用;夹带剂萃取的马尾松根化感物质对马尾松种子的发芽率、胚根长、胚轴长、鲜物质重及干物质重具有显著的抑制作用,而对发芽势则表现为促进作用;筛选出抑制活性较强组分的物质鉴定结果表明,非夹带剂萃取的马尾松根化感物质是α杜松醇、г杜松烯等,在夹带剂条件下,马尾松根化感物质是棕榈酸、叶绿醇等.图1表5参11 相似文献
32.
Bioassays allow the appreciation of the toxicity of complex effluents, which is difficult to characterize by the sole measurement of some physico-chemical parameters. We have developed a macroinvertebrate multi-test (M.M.T.) with species characteristic of different trophic levels in order to appreciate the ecotoxicological impact of various effluents (especially landfill leachates) and chemicals on aquatic environments. Our aim was: (i) to compare the sensitivity of the macroinvertebrates among themselves and with regard to those of three standard bioassays; (ii) to characterize the effluents according to their toxicity on one hand and according to their physico-chemical composition on the other hand; (iii) to search for possible correlations between the physico-chemical composition of an effluent and its toxicity. In order to achieve these objectives we used first a combination of graphical displays of the raw data, and secondly multivariate analyses: clustering techniques and scaling (ordination) techniques (Principal Components Analysis). 相似文献
33.
Yorianta?Sasaerila Regine?Gries Gerhard?Gries Grigori?Khaskin Skip?King Stephen?Takács Hardi?) 《Chemoecology》2003,13(2):89-93
Summary. During peak calling activity by male oil palm bunch
moths, Tirathaba mundella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), their
hairpencils, wings or entire body were extracted in hexane. Gas
chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of
hair pencil extracts revealed four compounds that consistently elicited
responses from female antennae. The NMR spectrum of isolated compound 1,
and mass spectra and retention indices of compounds 1–4 suggested that
they were (3S,6S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-ol (1),
4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (2, vanillin),
6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (3), and
6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanol (4). Comparative GC and GC-MS analyses
of hair pencils extract and synthetic standards confirmed these
structural assignments. Moreover, comparative chromatography of
synthetic and hairpencil-isolated 1 on a Cyclodex-B column (which
separated the four stereoisomers with baseline resolution) revealed that
male T. mundella produce the SS-stereoisomer (SS-1). In field cage
bioassay experiments in Palembang, Indonesia, synthetic SS-1 and
vanillin in combination, but not singly, attracted female T. mundella.
SS-1 plus vanillin were as effective as male T. mundella in attracting
females. Compounds 3 and 4 did not enhance the blend's attractiveness.
Received October 11 2002; accepted March 14, 2003.
R1D="
Correspondence to: Gerhard Gries, email: gries@sfu.ca 相似文献
34.
利用PCR技术扩增了粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)颗粒体病毒增效基因全长片段,扩增产物用EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ双酶消化,经0.7%低熔点琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化后插入pRSET-B中,得重组表达质粒pRSET/enhancin;但重组子生长异常,在IPTG诱导下未能明显表达目标蛋白.用PstⅠ/HindⅢ双酶消化pRSET/enhancin,电泳回收2.7kb片段后插入pQE-30中,得重组表达载体pQE/enhancin;在IPTG诱导下于35℃成功表达出分子量(Mr)约为108×103的融合蛋白并命名为P108.初步纯化的P108显示了极显著的增效活性,对棉铃虫核型多角体病毒感染棉铃虫3龄幼虫的7d致死率提高34.03%,LT50缩短1.4d;对苏云金杆菌杀棉铃虫3龄幼虫的72h致死率提高65.96%.图4表2参14 相似文献
35.
36.
Fatai Adigun Aborode Andrea Raa Matthias Voigt Leticia Malta Cost Eva M. Krupp Joerg Feldmann 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(11):150-161
We investigated the role of glutathione(GSH) and phytochelatins(PCs) on the detoxification of selenite using Arabidopsis thaliana. The wild-type(WT) of Arabidopsis thaliana and its mutants(glutathione deficient Cad 2–1 and phytochelatins deficient Cad 1–3) were separately exposed to varying concentrations of selenite and arsenate and jointly to both toxicants to determine their sensitivities. The results of the study revealed that, the mutants were about 20-fold more sensitive to arsenate than the WT, an indication that the GSH and PCs affect arsenate detoxification. On the contrary, the WT and both mutants showed a similar level of sensitivity to selenite, an indication that the GSH and PCs do not significantly affect selenite detoxification. However, the WT is about 8 times more sensitive to selenite than to arsenate, and the mutants were more resistant to selenite than arsenate by a factor of 2. This could not be explained by the accumulation of both elements in roots and shoots in exposure experiments. The co-exposure of the WT indicates a synergistic effect with regards to toxicity since selenite did not induce PCs but arsenic and selenium compete in their PC binding as revealed by speciation analysis of the root extracts using HPLC–ICP–MS/ESI–MS. In the absence of PCs an antagonistic effect has been detected which might suggest indirectly that the formation of Se glutathione complex prevent the formation of detrimental selenopeptides. This study, therefore, revealed that PC and GSH have only a subordinate role in the detoxification of selenite. 相似文献
37.
38.
John Cairns William Ford Calhoun Matthew J. McGinniss William Strakd 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1976,12(6):1233-1243
ABSTRACT: Snails, Goniobasis livescens (Menke), were exposed to acutely sublethal concentrations of p-nitrophenol and the lampricide, 3-triflourmethyl-4 nitrophenol(TFM), and then to acutely lethal thermal shocks. The same species were also exposed to acutely sublethal concentrations of zinc followed by exposure to acutely lethal concentrations of p-nitrophenol; and to acutely sublethal concentrations of TFM followed by exposure to acutely lethal concentrations of zinc. Brown trout, Salmo trutta, were exposed to acutely sublethal concentrations of TFM and then to an acutely lethal thermal shock. Results of these experiments indicate that prior exposure to acutely sublethal toxicant concentrations may reduce survival time for a subsequent exposure to acutely lethal concentrations of a second toxicant (e.g., snails exposed to Zn++ then p-nitrophenol) but neither prior or concomitant exposure to acutely sublethal toxicant concentrations insures that the median survival time for a lethal exposure will be significantly altered (e.g., snails exposed to 0.2 × 48 hour LC50 for TFM then Zn++). However, some acutely sublethal concentrations of a toxicant may significantly alter survival time of snails to a lethal concentration of a different toxicant (e.g., exposure to 0.4 × 48 hour LC50 TFM then a lethal dose of Zn++). The brown trout exposed to an acutely sublethal concentration of TFM and then an acutely lethal thermal shock did have significantly altered survival patterns. 相似文献
39.
Necessity of Toxicity Assessment in Turkish Industrial Discharges (Examples from Metal and Textile Industry Effluents) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sponza DT 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,73(1):41-66
Toxicity of some organic and inorganic chemicals to microorganisms is an important consideration in assessingtheir environmental impact against their economic benefits.Microorganisms play an important role in several environmentalprocesses, both natural and engineered. Some organic and inorganics at toxic levels have been detected in industrial discharges resulting in plant upsets and discharge permit violations. In addition to this, even though in some cases the effluent wastewater does not exceed the discharge limits,the results of toxicity tests show potential toxicity. Toxicityknowledge of effluents can benefit treatment plant operators inoptimising plant operation, setting pre-treatment standards, and protecting receiving water quality and in establishing sewer discharge permits to safeguard the plant. In the Turkish regulations only toxicity dilution factor (TDF) with fish is part of the toxicity monitoring program of permissible wastewater discharge. In various countries, laboratory studiesinvolving the use of different organisms and protocol for toxicity assessment was conducted involving a number of discharges.In this study, it was aimed to investigate the acute toxicity of textile and metal industry wastewaters by traditional and enrichment toxicity tests and emphasize the importance of toxicity tests in wastewater discharge regulations. The enrichment toxicity tests are novel applications and give anidea whether there is potential toxicity or growth limiting and stimulation conditions. Different organisms were used suchas bacteria (Floc and Coliform bacteria) algae (Chlorella sp.), fish (Lepistes sp.) and protozoan (Vorticella sp.) to represent four tropic levels. The textile industry results showed acute toxicity for at least one organism in 8 out of 23 effluent samples. Acute toxicity for at least two organisms in 7 out of 23 effluent sampling was observed for the metal industry. The toxicity test results were assessed with chemical analyses such as COD, BOD, color and heavy metals. It was observed that the toxicity of the effluents could not be explained by using physicochemical analyses in 5 cases for metal and 4 cases for the textile industries. The results clearly showed that the useof bioassay tests produce additional information about the toxicity potential of industrial discharges and effluents. 相似文献
40.
Effects of temperature on UV-B-induced DNA damage and photorepair in Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs) and (6-4) photopreducts(6-4PPs) induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana at different temperatures was investigated using ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 6-4PPs increased during 3 h UV-B exposure, but further exposure led to decreases. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation is temperature-independent because of its photochemical nature, we found UV-B-induction of CPDs and 6-4PPs in Arabidopsis to be slower at a low than at a high temperature. Photorepair of CPDs at 24℃ was much faster than that at 0℃ and 12℃,with 50% CPDs removal during 1 h exposure to white light. Photorepair of 6-4PPs at 12℃ was very slow as compared with that at 24℃,and almost no removal of 6-4PPs was detected after 4 h exposure to white light at 0℃. There was evidence to suggest that temperaturedependent DNA damage and photorepair could have important ecological implications. 相似文献