表油菜素内酯对珍珠菜叶片愈伤组织诱导的影响

研究了表油菜素内酯（epiBR）对珍珠菜（Artemisialactiflora）叶片愈伤组织诱导的影响，结果表明，MS培养基中含有epiBR后，愈伤组织的诱导频率明显提高，比不加任何激素的高1～6倍．如在该系统中再加入6－BA，epiBR不仅能显著提高愈伤组织的产生，而且能使愈伤组织中的蛋白组份发生明显的改变，这种协同效应强于IAA和6－BA的协同效应。电镜观察表明，epiBR与其它激素诱导的愈伤组织处于不同的细胞分裂期，暗示愈伤组织的生长速率明显不同．     

成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)对镉胁迫下蒌蒿耐受性的影响

为探讨功能微生物对镉(Cd)胁迫下蒌蒿耐受性的影响,以成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)J2为对象,通过盆栽试验,研究不同Cd处理水平下J2菌对蒌蒿生长、生理、Cd富集转运与根际微生态的影响。结果表明:J2菌可显著促进蒌蒿株高、地上部干重、地下部干重、总生物量及根冠比的增加。在J2菌的作用下,蒌蒿叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量明显减少。J2菌可显著促进蒌蒿对Cd的富集转运,蒌蒿地上部、地下部与总Cd含量均显著增加,地上部生物富集系数(BCF)明显大于地下部,转运系数(TF)相比于对照增加了7.5%~37.4%。J2菌可显著增加蒌蒿根际土壤细菌、放线菌数量及微生物总量,明显减少真菌数量。研究表明成团泛菌J2对蒌蒿生长、生理、Cd富集转运与根际微生态可产生积极影响,在一定程度上可提高蒌蒿植株对Cd的耐受性。     

分泌吲哚乙酸的蒌蒿内生耐镉细菌的筛选与鉴定

从蒌蒿（Artemisia selengensis）体中分离分泌吲哚乙酸（IAA）的内生耐镉（Cd）细菌将有助于构建有效的植物-微生物联合修复体系。本研究以分泌IAA和Cd耐性为筛选指标,采用研磨法从蒌蒿的根、茎、叶中分离能产生IAA的内生耐Cd细菌,并对其铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、锑（Sb）的耐受性及对蒌蒿生长特性的影响进行研究,根据形态特性、生理生化测定和16S rDNA序列分析对目标菌株进行分类鉴定。结果表明,从蒌蒿体内分离获得2株分泌IAA能力较强的内生耐Cd细菌J2和Y5,J2和Y5菌对Cd的耐受质量浓度均为90 mg·L-1,IAA的分泌量分别为23.108、15.192 mg·L-1;J2菌能明显增加蒌蒿的株高、最长根长、平均根长、鲜质量和干质量,Y5菌可显著提高蒌蒿的株高、鲜质量和干质量;J2和 Y5菌对 Pb 的耐受质量浓度均为1200 mg·L-1,对Cu的耐受质量浓度分别为120和160 mg·L-1,对Sb的耐受质量浓度分别为50和150 mg·L-1;J2菌在LB平板上菌落为黄色、近圆形、粘稠,Y5菌在LB平板上菌落为白色、近圆形、湿润;J2和Y5菌的16S rDNA序列经扩增,分别获得1条大小约为1500 bp的条带,经比对分别与GenBank中Pantoea agglomerans STY29（HQ220151）、Pseudomonas fluorescens V7c10（KC195905）的相似性最高,结合形态特征与生理生化特性可分别鉴定为成团泛菌（Pantoea agglomerans）和荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）。研究表明,从蒌蒿体中分离获得分泌IAA能力较强的内生耐Cd成团泛菌和荧光假单胞菌,为进一步研究其在蒌蒿修复Cd污染土壤中的作用奠定了基础。     

Vegetation dynamics in succession process from Stipa bungeana to Artemisia ordosica in the Ordos Plateau北大核心CSCD

Shrub invasion has a serious effect on the structure and function of grassland ecosystems and understanding vegetation dynamics is of great significance to control shrub invasion and recover shrub invaded grassland. In the Ordos Plateau, we selected representative communities in transition process from Stipa bungeana to Artemisia ordosica. By sampling, cutting, and root-drilling methods, plant coverage, density, biomass, litter, root, and species diversity of different communities were investigated and analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) the succession process had six vegetation types, S. bungeana communities, S. bungeana + Cleistogenes squarrosa communities, S. bungeana + Artemisia ordosica communities, A. ordosica + C. squarrosa communities, A. ordosica + Lespedeza davurica communities, and A. ordosica communities. (2) The community coverage decreased initially, and then increased. Whereas, the total density decreased initially, then increased, and then decreased. The aboveground, underground, and total biomasses, and the dry weight of litter showed an increasing trend. (3) The coverage, density, and biomass of S. bungeana decreased gradually, whereas A. ordosica showed an opposite trend. (4) With the increase in soil depth, the dry weight of root showed a decreasing trend. The roots were mainly distributed in the 0-30 cm soil layer. At VI stage, the root distribution of Artemisia community initially increased, and then decreased, and the root depth reached 80-90 cm. (5) The species richness, Simpson, Shannon-Winner, and Pielou evenness indexes initially increased, and then decreased. In summary, shrub encroachment is severe in the Ordos Plateau. Although the community coverage, biomass, and biodiversity during the moderate shrub encroachment stage were high, the shrub-invaded grassland should be restored to S. bungeana grassland due to the decreased grazing value of grassland after shrub invasion. Keywords. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

白沙蒿种皮胶质等因素对其植株再生的影响

对白沙蒿原生质体培养得到的愈伤组织进行分化诱导,得到完整植株。培养其中６－ＢＡ的浓度是芽分化的关键因素,白沙蒿种皮胶质对芽的再生有促进作用。不同抗菌素对芽分化的作用不尽相同,其中头孢霉素可增加芽的分化,而卡那霉素则抑制芽的分化。对白沙蒿种皮胶质进行定性、红外光谱和固体核磁共振分析,表明它为纤维素类物质,并带有羧基和甲基。图４表４参１５     

氮添加对油蒿群落植物叶片生态化学计量特征的影响

为了深入认识荒漠植物对氮沉降的适应和反馈能力,研究了宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)群落内5种优势植物〔油蒿、披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)、刺藜(Chenopodium aristatum)〕在N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄、N₅〔氮添加水平依次为0、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、6.0 g/(m2·a),以N计〕6个氮添加处理下叶片w(TC)、w(TN)、w(TP)及其化学计量比——C/N〔w(TC)/w(TN)〕、N/P〔w(TN)/w(TP)〕、C/P〔w(TC)/w(TP)〕的变化. 结果表明:①氮添加对油蒿、披针叶黄华叶片w(TC)、w(TN)、w(TP)及其化学计量比无显著影响. ②高氮添加(N₅处理)显著增加了糙隐子草、赖草和刺藜叶片w(TN),相对于N₀处理时增幅分别约为26%、81%和60%. ③高氮添加显著增加了赖草、刺藜叶片N/P,但显著降低了其叶片C/N,其中,赖草和刺藜叶片N/P相对于N₀处理时的增幅分别约为86%和61%,C/N的降幅则分别约为45%和37%. 研究显示,油蒿群落中不同植物种对氮添加的响应存在差异,持续增加的氮沉降很可能会引起油蒿群落物种组成的变化,从而影响油蒿群落的演替.      

Effect of cadmium on photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and artemisinin in hydroponically grown Artemisia annua

The effects of different cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 20, 60, and 100 μmol/L) on hydroponically grown Artemisia annua L. were investigated. Cd treatments applied for 0, 4, 12, 24, 72, 144, 216, and 336 hr were assessed by measuring the changes in photosynthetic pigments, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione), while the artemisinin content was tested after 0, 12, 144, 216, and 336 hr. A significant decrease was observed in photosynthetic pigment levels over time with increasing Cd concentration. Chlorophyll b levels were more affected by Cd than were chlorophyll a or carotenoid levels. The cell membrane was sensitive to Cd stress, as MDA content in all treatment groups showed insignificant differences from the control group, except at 12 hr treatment time. Ascorbic acid (AsA) content changed slightly over time, while glutathione (GSH) content took less time to reach a maximum as Cd concentration increased. Cd was found to promote synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin, especially at concentrations of 20 and 100 μmol/L. In conclusion, Cd stress can damage to photosynthetic pigments, and vigorously growing A. annua showed a strong tolerance for Cd stress. Appropriate amounts of added Cd aided synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin.     

两种生长在铜矿渣上的菊科植物的铜含量

对生长于云南鸡冠山铜矿渣上的艾蒿(Artemisiaargyi)和湖北铜绿山铜矿渣上的滨蒿(Artemisiascoparia)进行调查和铜含量测定,结果表明,2种菊科植物具有比较高的生物量,均为铜矿区的优势植物,其根周围土壤的铜含量高。艾蒿根和叶的铜含量都较高,其根部铜含量为41～156mg·kg-1,平均83±29mg·kg-1;叶部铜含量为58～464mg·kg-1,平均216±96mg·kg-1。滨蒿根部铜含量较高,其变化范围为58～513mg·kg-1,平均183±101mg·kg-1,而茎叶部铜含量相对于根部较低,为42～259mg·kg-1,平均97±52mg·kg-1(含铜量均以干重计)。研究还发现,2种植物对铜的耐受机制不同,艾蒿表现出较强的蓄积铜的潜力,而滨蒿表现出对铜污染土壤的植物固定潜能,因此2者均可作为植物修复铜污染土壤的先锋物种。     

Fungicidal Activity of Artemisia herba alba Asso (Asteraceae)

The antifungal activity of Artemisia herba alba was found to be associated with two major volatile compounds isolated from the fresh leaves of the plant. Carvone and piperitone were isolated and identified by GC/MS, GC/IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Antifungal activity was measured against Penicillium citrinum (ATCC 10499) and Mucora rouxii (ATCC 24905). The antifungal activity (IC₅₀) of the purified compounds was estimated to be 5 μ g/ml, 2 μ g/ml against Penicillium citrinum and 7 μ g/ml, 1.5 μ g/ml against Mucora rouxii carvone and piperitone, respectively.     

Biomonitoring of environmental pollution by thorium and uranium in selected regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Two former uranium mines and a uranium reprocessing factory in the city of Aktau, Kazakhstan, may represent a risk of contaminating the surrounding areas by uranium and its daughter elements. One of the possible fingerprinting tools for studying the environmental contamination is using plant samples, collected in the surroundings of this city in 2007 and 2008. The distribution pattern of environmental pollution by uranium and thorium was evaluated by determining the thorium and uranium concentrations in plant samples (Artemisia austriaca) from the city of Aktau and comparing these results with those obtained for the same species of plants from an unpolluted area (town of Kurchatov). The determination of the uranium and thorium concentrations in different parts of A. austriaca plants collected from the analyzed areas demonstrated that the main contamination of the flora in areas surrounding the city of Aktau was due to dust transported by the wind from the uranium mines. The results obtained demonstrate that all the areas surrounding Aktau have a higher pollution level due to thorium and uranium than the control area (Kurchatov). A few “hot points” with high concentrations of uranium and thorium were found near the uranium reprocessing factory and the uranium mines.