Mineralization of p-nitrophenol by a new isolate Arthrobacter sp. Y1

Arthrobacter sp. Y1, capable of metabolizing p-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source was isolated from activated sludge. The bacterium could tolerate concentrations of PNP up to 600 mg L^{? 1}, and degradation of PNP was achieved within 120 h of incubation. PNP and its metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The metabolite formed indicated that the organism followed the 4-nitrocathechol (4-NC) pathway for metabolism of this compound. The relevant degrading-enzyme was extracellular. Addition of other carbon source (glucose 0～ 30 g L^{? 1}) led to accelerated degradation. If the glucose concentration exceeded 30 g L^{? 1}, however, degradation was repressed. Spectrophotometry assay of the nitrite and genotoxic study showed that strain Y1 could detoxify PNP. Therefore, the present study may provide a basis for the development of the bioremediation strategies to remedy the pollutants in the environment.     

Biological elimination of H2S and NH3 from wastegases by biofilter packed with immobilized heterotrophic bacteria

Biotreatment of various ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures was studied using the biofilters, packed with co-immobilized cells (Arthrobacter oxydans CH8 for NH₃ and Pseudomonas putida CH11 for H₂S). Extensive tests to determine removal characteristics, removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drops of the biofilters were performed. To estimate the largest allowable inlet concentration, a prediction model was also employed. Greater than 95% and 90% removal efficiencies were observed for NH₃ and H₂S, respectively, irrespective of the ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures. The results showed that H₂S removal of the biofilter was significantly affected by high inlet concentrations of H₂S and NH₃. As high H₂S concentration was an inhibitory substrate for the growth of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, the activity of H₂S oxidation was thus inhibited. In the case of high NH₃ concentration, the poor H₂S removal efficiency might be attributed to the acidification of the biofilter. The phenomenon was caused by acidic metabolite accumulation of NH₃. Through kinetic analysis, the presence of NH₃ did not hinder the NH₃ removal, but a high H₂S concentration would result in low removal efficiency. Conversely, H₂S of adequate concentrations would favor the removal of incoming NH₃. The results also indicated that maximum inlet concentrations (model-estimated) agreed well with the experimental values for space velocities of 50–150 h⁻¹. Hence, the results would be used as the guideline for the design and operation of biofilters.     

油田土壤中脱除有机硫菌株的分离与鉴定

从中原油田采集的土壤样品中分离得到有脱除有机硫(二苯并噻吩)能力的菌株ZYX。该菌株为革兰氏染色阳性,无运动性,专性需氧,固体培养基上菌落为浅黄色、圆形、湿润、有光泽、边缘整齐,培养2d后平均直径为1.5mm,在液体培养基中有明显的杆-球状生长周期。对该菌株的16SrDNA的全序列测序,并进行DNA同源性分析,发现它与与Arthrobactersp.P2的同源性为99.53%,其主要形态及生理生化特征也与Arthrobacter属相符。实验表明,最佳生长所需的DBT浓度是0.01g·L-1,最适pH值为7.0,最佳碳源和氮源分别为甘油和谷氨酰氨。     

一株苯胺降解菌的研究

报道了从自然界分离的一株能以苯胺为唯一氮源和碳源，同时降解苯胺的细菌４＾＃。该菌鉴定为节杆菌４＾＃（Ａｒｔｈｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ．４＾＃）。该菌降解苯胺的最高浓度为２０４４ｍｇ／Ｌ。４＾＃菌株降解苯胺的最适ｐＨ值和温度分别为７．０和３０℃，最适苯胺浓度为１０２２ｍｇ／Ｌ。在此条件下，４８ｈ苯胺的降解率可达９４．７％。试验结果表明，重金属离子对４＾＃菌株降解苯胺都有不同程度的抑制作用，以Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ａｇ     

Phenanthrene degradation in Arthrobacter sp. P1-1: initial 1,2-, 3,4- and 9,10-dioxygenation, and meta- and ortho-cleavages of naphthalene-1,2-diol after its formation from naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and hydroxyl naphthoic acids

Arthrobacter sp. P1-1, isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site in Hilo, HI, USA, can decompose phenanthrene (40 mg l⁻¹) completely within 7 days. A detailed phenanthrene metabolism map was constructed based on metabolite analysis and replacement cultures. Initial dioxygenation occurs on 1,2-, 3,4-, and 9,10-C of phenanthrene, dominantly on 3,4-C positions. Rapid accumulation of 5,6- and 7,8-benzocoumarin suggests that phenanthrene-1,2- and -3,4-diols mainly undergo meta-cleavage. However, a trace amount of o-carboxyvinylnaphthoates and diphenic acid indicates a limited extent of ortho-cleavage of the diols. Naphthalene-1,2-diol, as a common and converged metabolite, was formed from 1-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-naphthoic acid, naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid in separate culture tests. Naphthalene-1,2-diol is then degraded in a dominant phthalic acid pathway and a minor salicylic acid pathway. Several metabolites of phthalic acid were found, while no salicylic acid metabolites were detected. The strain P1-1 likely has a very diverse set of PAH-degrading enzymes or the enzymes having relaxed substrate-specificity.     

微生物对水-沉积物中苯并[a]芘-镉复合污染修复的研究

从广东汕头贵屿镇的沉积物中分离得到1株对PAHs有较好降解能力且有较强重金属耐受性的菌株（简称B4）,菌种鉴定表明该菌为氧化节杆菌属。以土著微生物、处理方式、沉积物、修复时间等为不同的影响因子对该菌修复水体/沉积物中苯并[a]芘（BaP）-镉（Cd）复合污染进行了初步研究。结果表明：该菌同时具有降解BaP和吸附Cd的性能;土著微生物对BaP有一定的降解能力,并能显著促进B4降解BaP,当体系中BaP质量浓度为1.00 mg.L-1时,降解率达到了68.3%;Cd的吸附却因土著微生物的存在发生一定程度的解吸。振荡培养对BaP的降解效果略优于静止培养修复,而静止修复却更有利于Cd的去除。沉积物促进体系Cd的吸附,却减弱了菌种对BaP的降解。在静止培养修复中,BaP的降解主要发生在7 d以前,降解率保持在35%左右,此时Cd的去除效果亦较好。     

1株Arthrobacter arilaitensis菌的耐冷异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用

分别采用高浓度的铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、有机氮模拟废水和铵态氮与硝态氮、铵态氮与亚硝态氮混合模拟废水,研究耐冷反硝化细菌Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10的异养硝化、好氧反硝化以及同时硝化和反硝化能力,通过测定Y-10菌株在整个脱氮过程中的D600值,分析细菌生长与生物脱氮之间的联系.结果表明,耐冷菌株Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10具有很强的硝化和反硝化能力,15℃条件下,4 d内分别可将铵态氮由208.43 mg·L~(-1)降至72.92 mg·L~(-1),去除率65.0%;硝态氮由201.16mg·L~(-1)降至0 mg·L~(-1),去除率为100%;亚硝态氮由194.33 mg·L~(-1)降至75.43 mg·L~(-1),去除率为61.2%.该菌只在含硝态氮的模拟废水中才会产生亚硝态氮积累;此外,在混合模拟废水中,以去除铵态氮为主.总之,Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10能在15℃条件下有效进行异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用,在不同无机氮混合模拟废水中对铵态氮的去除率高达80.0%以上.