液相色谱法测定土壤中苯并(a)芘

用快速溶剂萃取法ASE300对土壤样品进行前处理,以配有荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪分析土壤样品中苯并(a)芘的含量,该方法以乙腈、水梯度比例混合作为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min;激发波长和发射波长分别为255 nm和420 nm;保留时间为27.58 min。样品的称样量为25 g时,测定检出限为8.28×10-5mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~12%,回收率为60%~87%,以上指标均能满足环境中土壤样品的检测要求。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定废水中20种元素

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,同时测定了废水中Be、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb、Th、U等20种元素,比较了5种不同消解体系对废水样品的加标回收结果,确定采用硝酸+过氧化氢消解体系。Hg在0.050μg/L～2.00μg/L、其他元素在5.00μg/L～500μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.01μg/L～0.2μg/L,国家有证标准物质的测定结果符合要求,废水样品平行测定的RSD为2.6%～6.5%,加标回收率为84%～110%。     

一起河流砷污染事故的处置与监测分析

介绍了大沙河砷污染事故的处置和监测分析。多介质排查监测摸清了污染的范围和程度,为治理工作提供了科学依据,污染治理措施有效控制了污染的扩散;监测数据表明,治理措施将水中砷污染物沉降至河床使污染水质达标排放。吸附了大量砷化合物的底泥被清理并进一步处置,多介质跟踪监测应持续进行直至不存在潜在危害。     

从湿冶钒渣中回收V2O5的试验研究

通过对钒渣经碱浸和酸浸后V2O5回收率的比较,确定了应用H2SO4－氟化物浸出工艺可使渣中钒大部分转变为可溶性盐。分别采用H2SO4－NH4HF2及H2SO4－CaF2浸出工艺从湿冶钒渣中提取V2O5,前者较为满意,V2O5浸出率在65％以上,且氟化物可循环利用。     

巯基葡聚糖凝胶分离富集二溴邻硝基偶氮胂分光光度法测定汞 (Ⅱ)

研究了溴代十六烷基吡啶、正丁醇、正庚烷和水自制微乳溶液介质中,汞（Ⅱ）与二溴邻硝基偶氮胂的显色反应,采用巯基葡聚糖凝胶分离共存离子并富集汞（Ⅱ）,建立了分光光度法测定微量汞（Ⅱ）的新方法。在pH值为6．00的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,汞（Ⅱ）与试剂形成紫红色络合物,其最大吸收峰位于530nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光系数8为3．3×10^5L／（mol·cm）。在显色液中汞（Ⅱ）质量浓度在8．00μg／L～600μg／L范围内符合比尔定律,检出限为0．003mg／L,水、牛奶、化妆品测定的RSD为1．4％～6．1％,加标回收率为96．8％～105％。     

再生铅企业土壤-地下水中重金属污染迁移特征

为了解某再生铅企业厂区土壤和浅层地下水重金属污染状况,采集了96个土壤样品和4个地下水样品,定量分析了其Pb,Cd,As的含量及空间分布特征,探讨企业生产对环境造成的影响。结果表明,该区域土壤中Cd、As、Pb超标率分别为67.0%,35.1%,11.7%,在厂区呈现局部富集现象,最大值是土壤背景值的几十倍乃至数千倍;在垂直方向上由于Pb,Cd,As在土壤中迁移率较低,其值随深度增加呈总体下降趋势;该区域地下水中Pb,Cd,As值远低于地下水质量标准值。     

YSI6600V2水质多参数仪现场快速法与实验室分光光度法测定湖泊藻类叶绿素的比较

通过将YSI6600V2水质多参数仪测得的叶绿素a值与实验室分光光度法叶绿素a测定值进行比较,分析了YSI6600V2多参数水质监测仪测定叶绿素a的准确性与局限性。结果表明,YSI6600V2测定值多数偏低,且相关性较差。将YSI6600V2测得的蓝藻密度样本分为2类后,相关性得到显著提升。提出了利用蓝藻密度对样本进行分类后,分别进行叶绿素a校正的方法,并说明了此种校正方法的局限性。     

纳米Fe3O4覆盖对沉积物-水界面砷释放的影响

为揭示纳米四氧化三铁(nFe₃O₄)覆盖对沉积物溶解态砷(As)和有效态As的钝化效果,在开展室内培养试验的基础上,利用微界面分析技术、高分辨率平衡式间隙水采集技术(HR-peeper)和薄膜扩散梯度技术(DGT),探究nFe₃O₄覆盖下沉积物氧化还原环境、铁锰含量等因素对As的作用机制.结果表明:在nFe₃O₄覆盖下沉积物pH值较对照组逐渐增大,Eh先减小后增大;nFe₃O₄可以有效去除沉积物溶解态As,最大有效去除率为22%;nFe₃O₄覆盖使得有效态As的平均值降低了2.30μg/L;溶解态As与溶解态Fe(Ⅱ)、溶解态As与溶解态Mn、有效态As与有效态Fe(Ⅱ)、有效态As与有效态Mn均存在显著正相关关系(P<0.001);nFe₃O₄的覆盖可以促进铁铝低结晶状无定形水合氧化态As含量的增加.     

The Relationship of Lithology and Watershed Characteristics to Fine Sediment Deposition in Streams of the Oregon Coast Range

Lithology is one of many factors influencing the amount, grain size distribution, and location of fine sediment deposition on the bed of mountain stream channels. In the Oregon Coast Range, 18 pool-riffle stream reaches with similar slope and intact riparian area and relatively unaffected by logjams were surveyed for assessment of fine sediment deposition. Half of the streams were in watersheds underlain by relatively erodible sandstone. The other half were underlain by a more resistant basalt. Channel morphology, hydraulic variables, particle size, relative pool volume of fine sediment (V*), and wood characteristics were measured in the streams. A significantly higher amount of fine sediment was deposited in the sandstone channels than in the basalt channels, as indicated by V*. Grab samples of sediment from pools also were significantly finer grained in the sandstone channels. Geographic information systems (GIS) software was used to derive several variables that might correlate with fine sediment deposition. These variables were combined with those derived from field data to create multiple linear regression models to be used for further exploration of the type and relative influence of factors affecting fine sediment deposition. Lithology appeared to be significant in some of these models, but usually was not the primary driver. The results from these models indicate that V* at the reach scale is best explained by stream power per unit area and by the volume of wood perpendicular to the flow per channel area (R² = 0.46). Findings show that V* is best explained using only watershed scale variables, including negative correlations with relief ratio and basin precipitation index, and positive correlations with maximum slope and circularity.     

VMS在旅游公路景观影响评价中的应用

应用美国林务局的“风景资源管理系统”（VMS）对贾登峪-禾木乡旅游公路进行了景观影响评价。结果表明,从处于低位的观察点来看,山体的不同垂直位置承受的工程活动强度不同。山体的上半部能承受一定强度的工程活动,受公路建设的影响轻微;但山体的中下部能承受的工程活动有限,受公路建设的影响较大。具体分析表明,公路设计的老路方案和四级路方案对泰加林山体的景观影响程度基本相同。