CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中活性染料的解吸研究

考察了吸附在CMC(羧甲基纤维素纳)固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳红K-2BP的解吸,并在此基础上提出了吸附-回收染料的技术思路。结果表明:pH值为12.0的75%乙醇对CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳红K-2BP和活性艳蓝KN-R的解吸效果较好。30min内,对CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳红K-2BP的解吸率分别为60.8%和50.4%。CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳红K-2BP的解吸动力学符合一级指数衰减模型。CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球能重复利用三次以上。     

吸附菌HX5对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附脱色作用

研究了吸附菌HX5对活性艳蓝KNR的吸附脱色作用,碳源、氮源、盐度和染料浓度对KNR吸附脱色的影响,以及HX5生长菌体对KNR的脱色机理.结果表明,菌株HX5对KNR脱色的最佳碳、氮源分别为葡萄糖和硫酸铵;碳源浓度在10g/L以上时,可使200mg/L的KNR完全脱色,碳源浓度过高,脱色效果不显著;HX5对KNR脱色的最佳氮源浓度为0.75g/L,在0～2%的浓度范围内,盐度对脱色无显著影响;染料对菌株HX5具有一定的生长抑制毒性,但对于400mg/L的KNR,脱色率仍可达95.1%;HX5生长菌体对KNR作用96h内主要为生物吸附作用,96h外则可能发生了生物降解.图5表2参9     

Biosorption of low level Cd~（2＋） in water by Aspergillus sojae

以酱油曲霉（Aspergillus sojae）为吸附剂,对水溶液中微量Cd2＋进行了吸附研究.实验考察了预处理方法、菌体用量、pH、温度和吸附时间对吸附的影响,同时分析了其吸附动力学和吸附等温线特性,并对酱油曲霉菌体吸附Cd2＋的可能作用机理进行了探讨.结果表明,碱预处理的菌体吸附效果最好.在菌体用量为0.08 g时,对Cd2＋的吸附量达到最大,为0.095 mg.g-1.pH值在3.4—8之间,酱油曲霉菌体对Cd2＋的吸附效果比较稳定,其最大吸附率出现在pH 3.4.温度在15℃—30℃之间时,菌体对Cd2＋的吸附率差异很小,吸附率在88.3%—94.4%之间.二级动力学方程能很好地表征酱油曲霉吸附微量Cd2＋的过程,R2在0.99以上,其吸附平衡时间大约2.5 h,线性模型更适于描述该吸附平衡过程.SEM、FTIR分析得出,Cd2＋可能是与酱油曲霉菌体表面的羟基、酰胺基、羧基、磷酸基和胺基等基团相络合而被吸附,也可能是形成颗粒沉淀而附着在菌丝上.     

单宁酶产生菌的筛选和发酵条件研究

利用富集培养技术,从天然源分离得到具有较高单宁酶活性的黑曲酶Ｎｏ．１７株（ＡｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒＮｏ．１７）．该菌株能把五倍子中的单宁酶法水解成没食子酸,在对Ｎｏ．１７株开展产酶条件和参数优化实验的基础上,进行了实验室酶法制备没食子酸试验,并获得产物浓度为１４．１ｇ／Ｌ的没食子酸,经大孔吸附树脂分离,最终净产率达到７０％．该样品经熔点测定、元素分析、ＴＬＣ、红外等理化方法分析检测,结果均与没食子酸标样一致     

Changes in Extractability of Cr and Pb in a Polycontaminated Soil After Bioaugmentation With Microbial Producers of Biosurfactants, Organic Acids and Siderophores

Partly because of the low bioavailability of metals, the soil cleaning-up using phytoremediation is usually time-consuming. In order to enhance the amount of metals at the plant's disposal, the soil bioaugmentation coupled together with phytoextraction is an emerging technology. In this preliminary work, two agricultural soils which mainly differed in their Cr, Hg and Pb contents (LC, low-contaminated soil; HC, high-contaminated soil) were bioaugmented in laboratory conditions by either bacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens or Ralstonia metallidurans) or fungal inocula (Aspergillus niger or Penicillium simplicissimum) and incubated during three weeks. The LC soil pots bioaugmented with A. niger and P. aeruginosa contained higher concentrations of Cr (0.08 and 0.25 mg.kg⁻¹ dw soil) and Pb (0.25 and 0.3 mg.kg⁻¹ dw soil) in the exchangeable fraction F1 (extraction with MgCl₂) by comparison with the non-bioaugmented soil where neither Cr nor Pb was detected. Conversely, immobilization of Cr and Pb in the soil were observed with the other microorganisms. The soil bioaugmentation not only modified the metal speciation for the most easily extractable fractions but also modified the distribution of metals in the other fractions, to a lesser extent nevertheless. The difference in microbial concentrations between the bioaugmented or not HC soils reached up to 1.8 log units. Thus the microorganisms that we chose for the soil bioaugmentation were competitive towards the indigenous microflora. The PCA analysis showed close positive relationships between the microorganisms which potentially produced siderophores in the soil and the amount of Cr and Pb in the fraction F1.     

木聚糖酶基因xynB在不同大肠杆菌表达系统中的表达比较

从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)nl-1中克隆获得木聚糖酶基因xynB.该基因全长745 bp,含有67 bp内含子,与公布的黑曲霉xynB基因有较高的同源性.将PCR扩增的木聚糖酶成熟肽基因和含有信号肽的基因分别连接到表达载体肠杆菌Top10 F’、DH10B和两种BL21宿主中获得重组菌株.通过IPTG诱导,xynB基因在重组菌株中获得特异性表达.表达产物以胞内可溶性蛋白和不溶性包涵体形式存在.诱导4 h,重组菌株pTrc-99a-xynB[BL21 condon plus(DE3)]表达量最高,胞内酶活达到299 IU/L.重组质粒pTrc-99a-xyn B(S)在不同宿主胞内和胞外均能分泌目的蛋白,诱导10 h,胞外酶活pTrc-99a-xynB(S)[BL21 condon plus(DE3)]达到347 IU/L.而pET-20b-xynB(S)在两种BL21宿主中均不表达.经SDS-PAGE分析,以pTrc-99a和pET-20b作为表达载体时,重组蛋白相对分子质量分别约为45×103和30×103.与pET-20b相比,pTrc-99a以及自身信号肽的引导更有利于重组木聚糖酶的表达.     

植物载体固定化无花果曲霉对直接冻黄G的脱色研究

利用植物载体丝瓜瓤对元花果曲霉进行固定,并对直接冻黄G进行脱色研究.同时考察了不同因素如菌龄、温度、pH、转速对直接冻黄G的脱色影响.试验结果表明:三龄菌丝脱色效果最佳,该菌在30℃、pH 6.0、90r/min的振荡条件下,经12 h它对直接冻黄G的脱色达到最佳效果.固定化细胞经8次脱色后,脱色率仍达94%以上.因此用丝瓜瓤固定无花果曲霉对处理染料污染废水具有较好的应用前景.     

3种不同植物与黑曲霉孢子联合去除水中U（Ⅵ）的研究

为探索降低铀（U）污染的新途径、新方法,选用白鹤芋、观音竹、碎米莎草进行水培实验。对3种不同植物联合黑曲霉孢子去除U（Ⅵ）以及外加碳源、氮源的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,在12 d的培养期内,白鹤芋挂膜黑曲霉孢子对U的去除能力比其他2种植物要强,去除率高达98.13%。外加碳源、氮源的最佳组合为葡萄糖4 g、硫酸铵0.4 g。同时证明,微生物通过挂膜,联合植物协同修复U污染水体有可操作性。     

曲霉HD_1的分离及其对染料脱色特性的研究

曲霉ＨＤ１的分离及其对染料脱色特性的研究李孱白景华文艺辉陈怀新（湖北大学生命科学系，武汉４３００６２）李林（华中农业大学微生物系，武汉４３００７０）关键词虎红；偶氮染料；曲霉；脱色；降解．高效的染料脱色菌是解决染料对环境污染的基础和关键．虽然已有许...     

Decolorization of reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by immobilized cells of Aspergillus ficuum

Aspergillus ficuum was immobilized with sodium alginate, and decolorization of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R was studied on immobilized and free Aspergillus ficuum. The optimal preparation condition of the strain immobilization was obtained by the orthogonal test, it is sodium alginate 3%, CaCl2 5%, wet mycelia 30 g/L, calcific time 8 h. It was found that the immobilized cells could effectively decolorize Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R, the optimum temperature and pH were 33℃ and 5.0, respectively. The kinetics study of decolorization of immobilized cells showed that the decolorization of Aspergillus ficuum immobilized conformed to zero-order reaction model. The decolorization efficiency of immobilized cell compared with that of free cell in different physical conditions. Results showed that the decolorization of immobilized cells with mycelia had the best efficiency. The immobilized cells could be reused after the first decolorization.