复合菌利用酱油废液制备生物絮凝剂及其絮凝特性分析

利用酱油曲霉(Aspergillus sojae)和毕赤酵母(Pichia membranifaciens)复合菌以酱油酿造废液作为培养基生产生物絮凝剂,研究了外加碳源、外加氮源、培养基的初始pH值以及酱油酿造废液浓度等因素对絮凝剂产量及絮凝剂活性的影响,并考察了所制备絮凝剂的絮凝特性.结果表明,酱油酿造废液稀释1倍,加入5g/L乙醇作为补充碳源,不需添加氮源,调节pH值至5.0左右,培养30h,生物絮凝剂的产量可达到5.92g/L.实验制备的生物絮凝剂具有较好的絮凝效果,对高岭土悬浊液的去除率达到98.3%;对酱油废水、酿酒废水、生活污水、乳品废水等实际废水的浊度的去除率78.2%~92.3%,COD去除率为64.2%~85.2%.     

无花果曲霉对直接冻黄（G）的脱色特性研究

文章利用无花果曲霉对直接冻黄G进行脱色研究,在搅拌条件下,菌丝球能有效地使直接冻黄G脱色（＞90％在24h内）。在限氮培养基中,对影响脱色过程的因素进行了试验。这些因素包括：葡萄糖浓度、酒石酸 铵浓度、原初pH及温度。结果表明：该菌丝球对染料脱色的最佳温度为30℃,最佳pH5.0,培养基成分对脱色也有一定的影响。该菌对染料的脱色酶为组成酶,脱色酶在细胞内、外均有分布,染料对酶无诱导作用。菌丝球经二次脱色后能重新被利用。     

利用响应面法优化生物淋滤飞灰处理条件的研究

利用响应面法进行试验设计,选定蔗糖初始浓度、黑曲霉孢子浓度、投加的飞灰浓度以及飞灰投加时间作为影响因素,对生物淋滤城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处理条件进行优化.通过响应面法,得到飞灰中Cd、Cr、Fe、Mn、Zn及重金属总量与4种因素之间的非线性回归方程,确定了生物淋滤的最适条件范围:蔗糖初始浓度为114~126g/L;黑曲霉孢子浓度为(1.6~2.1)×107个/mL;飞灰浓度为29~39g/L;飞灰投加时间为3.6~4.4d.在最适条件下,70g/L飞灰经20d生物淋滤后,溶出重金属总浓度降为901mg/L,占飞灰中重金属总量的41%,处理后飞灰的重金属浸出毒性远低于国家标准.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰浓度对黑曲霉生长及重金属生物淋滤效果的影响

采用黑曲霉生物淋滤飞灰中的重金属,探讨了不同飞灰浓度对菌体生长、pH值、产生的有机酸种类及金属溶出效果的影响,并比较了生物淋滤处理前后飞灰的浸出毒性.结果表明,黑曲霉在代谢生长过程中产出的有机酸使pH值下降,将重金属从固相的飞灰中溶出.呈碱性并含有毒重金属的飞灰使黑曲霉的生长出现了延迟期.当飞灰质量浓度为20 g/L时,菌体生长量在192 h达到最大值(28.61 g/L),淋滤结束后的最低pH值为3.85,重金属溶出效果最佳.其中,Cd的溶出率达93.06%,Mn、Pb和Zn的溶出率均在70%左右,Fe、Cr和Cu的溶出率分别为22%、33%和47%.经生物淋滤后的飞灰中7种重金属浸出浓度远低于国家控制标准.     

Aspergillus tubingensis介导植酸盐水解促进U(VI)-PO43-生物矿化

从广东某铀尾矿库水下沉积物中分离筛选出了一株能水解植酸盐的真菌M5-1,对其菌落形态、ITS序列、最适生长pH值、对铀的耐受性及其水解植酸盐的效果进行了分析,随后对M5-1生物矿化铀过程中pH值、正磷酸盐浓度、铀浓度、铀去除率的变化进行了监测,对矿化产物的主要元素和矿物组成进行了分析.证实了真菌M5-1为Aspergillus tubingensis（MH978623）,其最适生长pH值范围为6~7,对铀（~0.84mmol/L）具有较强的耐受性;Aspergillus tubingensis介导植酸盐水解促进U（VI）-PO₄^3-矿化62d后,铀的去除率达95.2%;Aspergillus tubingensis介导U（VI）-PO₄^3-矿化过程中可能形成了难溶的氢铀云母和变钠铀云母矿物.结果表明,Aspergillus tubingensis能有效水解植酸盐释放可溶性正磷酸盐,从而促进U（VI）-PO₄^3-矿化.研究结果为采用Aspergillus tubingensis介导植酸盐水解原位修复铀污染地表水提供了试验依据.     

磷矿石的微生物风化作用——以一株黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)为例

以直接和间接作用的方式研究培养基中黑曲霉Aspergillus niger对磷矿粉的风化作用。在装有100目磷矿石粉的液体培养基中接入该菌研究其对磷矿石粉的直接风化作用;同时将装有100目磷矿石粉的透析袋放入液体培养基中再接入该菌研究其对磷矿石粉的间接风化作用。按不同时间取培养液上清液,用电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱仪测定Ca2 、Mg2 、Al3 、Fe3 、K 和Mn2 浓度,用离子色谱法测定H2PO4-、SO42-和Cl-浓度。此外,黑曲霉风化作用后的矿物残渣用电子探针作表面微观形态分析和XRD矿物物相分析。结果表明:黑曲霉对磷矿石粉风化作用的直接作用强度大于间接作用;黑曲霉可风化磷矿石粉,但对矿粉中不同矿物的风化强度不同,风化过程中形成次生矿物水草酸钙。提出黑曲霉对磷矿石的风化作用源自黑曲霉生长导致的机械破坏作用、胞外分泌物的生化降解作用以及多种因素之间的协同作用。     

寄生曲霉产生絮凝剂的培养条件及其絮凝特性

从霉菌中筛选得到一株絮凝性较强的寄生曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃｕｓ）．通过条件试验,确定寄生曲霉产生絮凝剂的最佳条件为：蔗糖作碳源,ＮａＮＯ３或脲或谷氨酸作氮源,初始ｐＨ为３．０,温度为２８℃,摇床的转速为１４０ｒ／ｍｉｎ．寄生曲霉在酸性条件下对高岭土具有很强的絮凝性,且有较高的热稳定性．     

黑曲霉(ASPERGILLUS NIGER)SG株三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的分离与初步鉴定

黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）在工业生产和科学研究中占有重要地位,因为许多黑曲霉菌株能产生有机酸和酶制剂,并能分泌大量蛋白质到细胞外［１,６］．三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（Ｇｌｙｃｅｒａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ３ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａ...     

Degradation of Metolachlor in Crude Extract of Aspergillus Flavus

Abstract

Crude enzyme from a soil fungus, Aspergillus flavus, was isolated from a field soil following repeated applications of metolachlor [2-Chloro-N-(methoxy-1-methylethyl)-2′-ethyl-6′-methyl acetanilide]. Metolachlor hydrolysis by the crude enzyme extract was determined by enzyme assay. The tests were performed in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, and the reaction was carried out at two herbicide concentrations (20 and 100 μg mL^?1) and two crude extract volumes (0.2 and 0.5 mL of the homogenized crude extract mixture). The rate of metolachlor degradation was found faster in samples containing higher volume of crude extract, (T _1/2, 5.7 h) for both concentrations of the herbicide. The activities of enzymes responsible for dechlorination coupled with hydroxylation, N-dealkylation, and breaking of amide linkage were found responsible in the degradation.     

Influence of herbicide glyphosate on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from soil on in vitro assay

The effect of six glyphosate concentrations on growth rate and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains under different water activity (a_W) on maize-based medium was investigated. In general, the lag phase decreased as glyphosate concentration increased and all the strains showed the same behavior at the different conditions tested. The glyphosate increased significantly the growth of all Aspergillus section Flavi strains in different percentages with respect to control depending on pesticide concentration. At 5.0 and 10 mM this fact was more evident; however significant differences between both concentrations were not observed in most strains. Aflatoxin B₁ production did not show noticeable differences among different pesticide concentrations assayed at all a_W in both strains. This study has shown that these Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus strains are able to grow effectively and produce aflatoxins in high nutrient status media over a range of glyphosate concentrations under different water activity conditions.