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151.
陈晓华 《环境与可持续发展》2015,(4)
利用实验室内建立的河流岸坡展开对地表径流中氨氮在模型内部沿程净化效果的实验研究。结果显示,河流岸坡对氨氮的去除率在90%以上;沿程氨氮浓度在缓坡模型的第二断面、第三断面的浓度及净化效率较为稳定,而在陡坡模型中的第三断面浓度及净化效率均出现较大波动;此外,合理的进水负荷使两种河流岸坡对氨氮的去除率稳定在96%左右;相比较而言,缓坡模型沿程对氨氮的净化效率要比陡坡模型稳定。 相似文献
152.
Current political conditions, primarily budgetary uncertainty, and the related reluctance to make funding commitments for
future generations, have raised questions about the costs of conservation and environmental protection that have not previously
been asked. As Federal investments are scrutinized and budgets become ever more constrained, the costs associated with environmental
requirements could begin to be of greater importance and to influence decisions on Federal projects. In response to concerns
about the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) spending under the Endangered Species Act (P.L. 93-205) (ESA), a limited investigation
was performed to determine the accuracy of reported Corps expenditures. The investigation showed that, for particular groups
of species, actual conservation costs for threatened and endangered species may be twice the amounts previously reported in
the annual ESA expenditure reporting to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In light of this finding, the Corps has sought
a means to provide more accurate and consistent reporting of expenditures for addressing threatened and endangered species.
A Species Costs Template (template) has been developed to identify the types and magnitude of costs related to the ESA and
to counteract the impediments (legal, institutional, and practical) to underreporting costs. The template will be used by
the Corps for reporting ESA costs beginning with Fiscal Year 2005 (FY05) (reported in January 2006). Five broad categories
of expenditures (effects determination costs, ESA protection and conservation costs, equipment costs, opportunity costs, and
other species costs) are identified by the template. 相似文献
153.
考察了在低温条件下(<20℃)废铁屑及其投加方式对厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能和微生物群落的影响.结果表明,当废铁屑投加量为10g/L时,直接(R2)和间接(R3)投加方式均会对厌氧氨氧化反应造成短期抑制,总氮去除率分别降低4.7%和3.4%;30d连续运行后,2组反应器总氮去除率均提升至70%左右;反应器稳定运行阶段,R2的Rs(NO2--N与NH4+-N去除量之比)和Rp(NO3--N生成量与NH4+-N去除量之比)为1.57和0.22, R3的Rs和Rp为1.49和0.23,比R2更接近厌氧氨氧化反应理论值.废铁屑在水中发生腐蚀,降低DO并提高pH值,且R2,R3污泥中铁含量分别为对照组的1.64倍和1.93倍,废铁屑不仅改善了厌氧氨氧菌的生境,还满足了其对铁元素的需求.高通量测序结果显示,在20~50d的运行过程中, R1,R2,R3中优势厌氧氨氧化菌属Candidatus_Kuenenia的相对丰度分别增加-1.05%,0.14%和0.96%,废铁屑的投加促进了厌氧氨氧化菌在低温下的生长,且间接投加促进效果更为显著. 相似文献
154.
ADRIZAL P. H. PATTERSON R. M. HULET R. M. BATES 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1001-1018
A chamber study was conducted to evaluate the growth response and leaf nitrogen (N) status of four plant species exposed to continuous ammonia (NH3) for 12 weeks (wk). This was intended to evaluate appropriate plant species that could be used to trap discharged NH3 from the exhaust fans in poultry feeding operations before moving off-site. Two hundred and forty bare-root plants of four species (Juniperus virginiana (red cedar), Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis (thornless honey locust), Populus sp. (hybrid poplar), and Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) were transplanted into 4- or 8-L polyethylene pots and grown in four environmentally controlled chambers. Plants placed in two of the four chambers received continuous exposure to anhydrous NH3 at 4 to 5 ppm while plants in another two chambers received no NH3. In each of the four chambers, 2 to 4 plants per species received no fertilizer while the rest of the plants were fertilized with a 100 ppm solution containing 21% N, 7% phosphorus, and 7% potassium. The results showed that honey locust was the fastest-growing species. The superior growth of honey locust among all species was also supported by its total biomass, root, and root dry matter (DM) weights. For all species there was a trend for plants exposed to NH3 to have greater leaf DM than their non-exposed counterparts at 6 (43.0 vs. 30.8%; P = 0.09) and 12 wk (47.9 vs. 36.6%; P = 0.07), and significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) leaf N content at 6 (6.44 vs. 3.67%) and 12 wk (7.05 vs. 3.51%) when exposed to NH3. Numerically greater leaf DM due to NH3 exposure was also consistently measured in poplar at both sampling periods. Hybrid poplar, as well as honey locust and reed canary grass, deposited 1.5 to 2-fold greater N in their leaves than red cedar tissues as a result of NH3 exposure compared to non-exposed plants. Regardless of the effect of NH3 on foliar color and damage score of the plants, the increase of foliar N content (g 100 g?1 of fresh foliage weight) after NH3 exposure at 6 and 12 wk was 0.45 and 0.87 for grass,1.25 and 1.34 for locust, and 2.67 and 6.09 for poplar. However, only honey locust likely benefited from ambient NH3 as indicated by its consistent leaf color quality and lower damage score, compared with other species that were adversely affected by atmospheric NH3. 相似文献
155.
Zhaohui Jiang Qingru Zeng Boqing Tie Bohan Liao Hejie Pi Xiaoyou Feng Yulin Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(1):177-181
Ammonia volatilization and the distribution of Cu and Zn were investigated in two types of soil treated with coated and uncoated urea. The rate of ammonia volatilization in two weeks after fertilizing with coated urea was 8% in soil 1 (soil derived from river alluvial deposits in Dongting Lake Plain) and 5.15% in soil 2 (red soil derived from quaternary red clay), about half the rates observed when fertilizing with common urea, implying that the hydrolysis speed of the coated urea was lower than for common urea, and that the coated urea can increase nitrogen use efficacy. As for the availability of Cu and Zn, their concentrations decreased in the first week after fertilization, and then increased, which was contrary to the effect of treatment on soil pH. For example, when the pH was 7.99, there was 0.79 mg/kg exchangeable Cu and 0.85 mg/kg exchangeable Zn in the soil derived from river alluvial deposits in Dongting Lake Plain. However, the concentrations of exchangeable Cu and Zn were generally lower for the common urea treatments than those with the coated urea because the peak pH for the common urea treatment was greater. The concentrations of these elements correlated well with pH in the range 4-8 in second order polynomial fits. 相似文献
156.
2008年到2010年对上海市西南部大气中总汞(TGM———Total Gaseous Mercury)的污染水平进行监测,结果表明TGM日均浓度为ND~57.23ng/m(3(7.79±3.29)ng/m)3。TGM呈现出一定的季节性变化特征,浓度最高的是秋季,然后依次是冬季、春季、夏季,平均浓度分别为(9.30±2.48)、(8.32±2.79)、(7.78±2.33)、(2.16±3.29)ng/m3。TGM浓度受东南风向影响最大,其次为西北和东北风向。在置信水平为95%的情况下,TGM浓度与日平均温度呈正相关性,而与日温差、相对湿度、日相对湿度差、风速无显著相关性。但TGM浓度分别与日均O3浓度和NO2浓度均呈显著正相关。利用HYSPLIT_4模型对TGM浓度高值与低值几天的空气气团来源轨迹进行反演,结果发现高低浓度日的气团来源略有差别,总体上看,冬季、春季和秋季受北方气团影响较大,夏季则受我国东部海域影响,具体的局部和长距离输送的贡献需要进一步研究。 相似文献
157.
158.
水中氨氮含量是反应水质状况的重要指标。文章对测定水中氨氮气相分子吸收光谱法(标准号HJ/T195-2005)进行了改进试验研究。第一,对氧化剂的配比进行了改进,使氨氮的测定范围扩展至100μg。第二,对标准HJ/T195-2005中直接使用亚硝酸钠标准溶液做标准曲线的处理方式也做了探讨。通过一系列对比实验认为,应用硫酸铵标准溶液做工作曲线更加准确合理。最后应用改进后的气相分子吸收光谱法和纳氏比色法或滴定法对多种实际废水样品进行同时测定。结果表明,改进后的气相分子吸收光谱法测定氨氮的范围更宽,灵敏度更高和准确度更好。 相似文献
159.
厌氧氨氧化电子受体的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在无机条件下,以该课题组已经培养出来的厌氧氨氧化污泥作为接种污泥,分别以硫酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体来研究氨的氧化反应。从去除速率的角度来看,以NO2--N、NO3--N和SO42--S为电子受体的反应器,分别在运行的第24.5天、40天和31天时达到0.030 0 kg/(m.3d)NH4+-N去除速率,则氧化氨的能力由大到小依次是:亚硝酸盐>硫酸盐>硝酸盐;从标准吉布斯自由能变化来看,3种反应都是可以发生的;以亚硝酸盐为电子受体的反应过程是一个消耗酸度的生物过程,而以硫酸盐为电子受体的反应过程是一个消耗碱度的生物过程。 相似文献
160.