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291.
廖达琛 《安全.健康和环境》2002,2(3):14-15
简要介绍聚四氟乙烯生产中副产氯化氢及盐酸的处理方法.根据氯化氢和盐酸的特性,设计了相应的安全技术措施,以保证安全生产. 相似文献
292.
原子吸收光谱分析通常用来测定微量元素,目前常采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定试液中ppb级或更低的痕量和超痕量元素,因此对实验过程中的污染防治就显得尤为重要.文章阐述了在原子吸收光谱测定微量元素的过程中,实验环境、水和试剂的纯度、器皿清洁度、气体(包括燃气、助燃气和惰性保护气体)的纯度以及原子化器等诸多因素均会对测定结果的准确性产生影响.对以上影响因素逐一分析并提出改进建议,以减少分析误差提高测试准确性. 相似文献
293.
采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定水与废水中硒,以镍盐为基体改进剂,提高了灰化温度,消除了基体干扰。方法的最低检出浓度为1.4ppb,废水测定的变异系数为2.9%~7.5%,加标回收率为95.0%~105.4% 相似文献
294.
微生物法烟气脱硫技术研究 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
采用微生物(氧化亚铁硫杆菌,简称TF菌)法脱除烟气中的二氧化硫。在相同操作条件下,比较了传统的工业化 方法稀硫酸吸收法(千代田法)与本法的优劣,研究了液气化、二氧化硫浓度、三价铁离子浓度等因素对吸收效率的影响;分析了脱硫反应前后吸收率pH值、三价铁离子浓度的变化。研究结果表明:适宜的液气比(12.5L/Nm^3 以上)、二氧化硫浓度(1000-5000ppm)和三价铁离子浓度(0.6g/L以上)能使该法具有较高(>98%)的脱硫率。在常温常压操作条件下,微生物法的脱硫率远优于千代田法,具有一定的工业化价值。 相似文献
295.
[目的]对血中锌原卟啉的测定及探讨,为铅中毒的评价、诊断提供一项可靠的早期系列化指标,同时为基层检验人员提供参考.[方法]用XY-D型血液荧火测定仪器测定锌原卟啉(ZPP)值,并对一些可能影响因素进行探讨.[结果]测定血中锌原卟啉的精密度试验、检测结果变异系数均小于10%,操作中对标本稀释影响做了不同稀释比例、不同时间测定的结果比较,证明在一定时间内血液用生理盐水稀释不影响测定结果.[结论]轻度铅吸收患者血中ZPP值变化与自身尿铅含量变化成正比;ZPP值随驱铅治疗而逐渐下降,在无缺铁性贫血情况下,能较快恢复抑制情况与临床表现相一致;ZPP值不仅能与尿铅、血铅相结合作为铅中毒诊断的可靠指标,在对铅接触者普查和生物监测铅的毒作用方面也是一项很有用的初筛指标. 相似文献
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Background Frequent application of Bordeaux mixture, which includes copper, as a fungicide in fruit and grape orchards may lead to copper accumulation in the soil, especially when orchard age and application times increase. The objectives of this study were: (i) to investigate the copper content and its spatial distribution in orchard soils; (ii) to identify the copper fractionation in soil and its relationship with plant uptake; (iii) to understand the characteristics of copper contamination in orchard soils. Materials and Methods Soil profile samples were taken in apple orchards with ages of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 years and pot experiments were also carried out to study the effects of external copper input on copper fractionation. All soil samples were air-dried, ground and extracted with 0.43 mol L1 HNO3 for the total absorbed copper. Fractionation determination was conducted following Tessier and Shuman sequential extraction methods, and copper was measured with AAS. Plant samples were first dry ashed, dissolved with 6 mol L1 HCl and then copper and other elements were measured with ICP-MS.Results and Discussion Soil total Cu was higher in the apple orchards than that in non-orchard fields and was seen to have increased with orchard age. Soil Cu increased substantially with the average annual copper increase, ranging from 2.5 to 9 mg Cu kg1. The distribution of copper in the soil profile was uneven, decreasing from surface to deeper layers, and the differences were significant, but the contents in every layer were also significantly correlated with those in the next layers.
For all copper fractions, the organically bound, crystalline Mn oxide bound, and amorphous Fe bound fractions extracted with the Shuman method were much higher than the exchangeable and residual fractions. Using the Tessier method, organically bound, carbonate bound and Fe-Mn oxide bound fractions were much higher. With an increase in external copper input, the organically bound, crystalline Mn oxide bound and amorphous Fe bound fractions in the Shuman method and organically bound, carbonate bound and Fe-Mn oxide bound fractions in the Tessier method all increased significantly, while the changes in other fractions were not significant.
Soil total copper and copper fractions were found to have good correlations with apple tree uptake. Copper in fruit flesh had significant correlations with soil total content in the 010 cm layer, all the copper fractions in the 05 cm layer, and some fractions in the deeper layers. Conclusion Copper content in orchard soils increased significantly with intensive application of Bordeaux mixtures and orchard age. Copper content decreased sharply from the topsoil to deeper soil layers. The copper contents in different layers also significantly correlated with those in the next layers. Dominant fractions of the copper in soil were mainly associated with organic matter, iron and manganese oxides and carbonates. A close relationship was found between the copper content in soils and in apple tree organs (which contained 8.9 to 66mg kg1 Cu). Recommendation and Perspective Though most copper in the soil was specifically adsorbed or immobilized, and copper was mainly distributed in topsoil, which was essentially devoid of roots, the copper concentration of fruit still had significantly positive correlations with soil copper and most copper fractions. Therefore, measures must be taken to control copper accumulation in orchard soils and to make the apple fruit production sustainable. 相似文献
300.
为了提高硝酸吸收氮氧化物的效率,对活性填料催化氧化-硝酸吸收NOx进行了研究。结果表明:活性填料能明显提高NOx的吸收效率;当NOx中NO2体积百分含量增加,其吸收效率增加;随进气浓度和液气比的增大,NOx吸收效率增加;随NO2浓度的增加,NO的吸收效率先增加后减少,在NO/NO2为3时,NO吸收效率最高;随NO的增加NO2的吸收效率先增加后减少,在NO/NO2为0.6~1之间,NO2的吸收效果较好。 相似文献