苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)几丁质酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

以苏云金芽胞杆菌为材料 ,通过硫酸铵沉淀分级分离、DEAE - 32离子交换柱层析初步纯化 ,获得比活力为15 0 .5Umg-1的酶制剂 .研究酶催化胶体几丁质水解的反应时间和酶量对酶活力的关系 ,探讨酶催化胶体几丁质的最适条件 .温度和 pH对酶活力的影响和酶的热稳定性及酸碱稳定性的结果表明 :酶催化胶体几丁质水解的的最适pH为 5 .6、最适温度为 5 8℃ .该酶在pH 4 .5～ 6 .5区域稳定 ,而在pH >8能很快失活 ;在 5 5℃以下处理 30min ,酶活力保持不变 ;高于 5 5℃ ,酶快速失活 .图 5参 11     

一株抑制油菜核盘菌菌核形成的解淀粉芽孢杆菌

检测了从不同土壤中分离的17株芽孢杆菌对油菜核盘菌的抑制效果，发现4株菌株具有不同程度的抑制菌丝生长的能力，其中地衣芽孢杆菌菌株AJH-1和解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株CH-2的抑菌效果最好．CH-2菌株不仅能抑制菌丝的生长，而且能抑制菌核的形成．CH-2菌株培养液经硫酸铵沉淀后具有抑制核盘菌生长的效果，且稀释10倍后仍具有抗菌活性．初步认为CH-2菌株的抑菌活性可能是抗菌蛋白或多肽的作用．图1表5参12     

苏云金芽胞杆菌生物活性成分研究进展

自1901年Ishimata从家蚕(Bambyx mori)中分离出第1株苏云金芽胞杆菌淬倒亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.sotto)以来,对苏云金芽胞杆菌研究已有百年的历史.现在国际上确认的苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株已有69个血清型[6],近40000株. 由于苏云金芽胞杆菌的巨大经济利益,不断地引起了广大科研人员和产品开发商的极大兴趣.到目前为止,科学家们已     

Bacillus thuringiensis pesticide exposures reported to Texas poison centers

One of the most common types of microbial pesticides used is Bacillus thuringiensis. Although generally considered safe, exposures to B. thuringiensis pesticide do occur where management by healthcare providers is sought. The objective of this investigation was to describe B. thuringiensis pesticide exposures reported to Texas poison centers. Cases were all B. thuringiensis pesticide exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000–2010. The distribution of cases was determined for various demographic and clinical factors. Of 115 total cases, 64% occurred during May–July. The rate per 1,000,000 population was 14.3 in central Texas and 4.4 in the rest of the state. Of the patients, 56% were of an age 20 years or older and 55% were male. The exposure routes were 57% by ingestion, 30% by dermal contact, and 11% by inhalation. The patient was managed on site in 93% of the exposures and only one exposure was judged to be potentially serious. B. thuringiensis pesticide exposures reported to Texas poison centers were more frequently reported from the central region of the state. The majority of exposures occurred during April–July, involved adults and males, occurred by ingestion or dermal route, were managed on site and did not result in serious outcomes.     

Low‐concentration hydrogen peroxide decontamination for Bacillus spore contamination in buildings

Remediation and recovery efforts after a release of Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spores may be difficult and costly. In addition, response and recovery technologies may be focused on critical resources, leaving the small business or homeowner without remediation options. This study evaluates the efficacy of relatively low levels of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) delivered from off‐the‐shelf equipment for the inactivation of Bacillus spores within an indoor environment. Decontamination evaluations were conducted in a house using both Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii (Bg; as surrogates for B. anthracis) inoculated on the carpet and galvanized metal as coupons and Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Gs) as biological indicators on steel. The total decontamination time ranged from 4 to 7 days. Using the longer exposure times, low concentrations of HPV (average levels below 20 parts per million) effectively inactivated Bg and Gs spores on the materials tested. The HPV was generated with commercial humidifiers and household‐strength hydrogen peroxide solutions. The presence of home furnishings did not have a significant impact on HPV efficacy. This simple, inexpensive, and effective decontamination method could have significant utility for remediation following a B. anthracis spore release, such as following a terrorist attack.     

微生物絮凝剂ZS-7的纯化及其结构特征研究

采用透析、乙醇沉淀、凝胶过滤层析对微生物絮凝剂ZS-7进行了纯化.经鉴定纯化后的微生物絮凝剂ZS-7是一种新型的糖蛋白,其产量大约为0.98 g/L发酵液.ZS-7主要由多糖和蛋白质组成,含量分别为91.5%和8.4%.进一步的分析表明ZS-7中含有酸性多糖包括糖醛酸(16.4%)、丙酮酸(7.1%)和乙酸(0.5%).采用凝胶色谱法测得ZS-7的相对分子质量为6.89×104.红外光谱、X射线能谱图和核磁共振图谱说明糖蛋白絮凝剂ZS-7含有羟基、氨基、羧基、甲氧基和磺酸等功能性基团.单糖组成分析说明ZS-7主要由鼠李糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,各单糖的摩尔比大致为:半乳糖∶葡萄糖∶甘露糖∶鼠李糖=142∶2.2∶4.5∶3.4.     

对硝基苯胺耐盐降解菌S8的筛选及特性研究

从江苏农药厂活性污泥中筛选出1株能以对硝基苯胺为唯一碳源和氮源生长代谢的耐盐降解菌S8.通过对其形态特征、生理生化特性以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).研究表明,该菌株具有较强的对硝基苯胺降解能力.当温度31℃和pH 6.0时,S8在72 h内对60 mg·L-1和120 mg·L-1对硝基苯胺的降解率分别为65.6%和55.8%.在高盐条件下,S8仍有较强的降解能力,当盐含量为7%时,对硝基苯胺降解率为49.5%(72 h);当盐含量为10%时,对硝基苯胺降解率为27.4%(72 h).利用LC-MS法分析降解产物时,共发现6种分子量不同的化合物,其中两种为苯酚及对苯二酚.此为首次关于对硝基苯胺耐盐菌株的研究报道,菌株S8可用于含有对硝基苯胺的高盐工业废水的微生物修复.     

Pb2+对城市污水处理厂污泥中苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵的影响

以城市污水处理厂污泥为培养基,研究了添加Pb2+对Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis,苏云金芽孢杆菌)生长和晶体蛋白合成的影响,同时分析了Bt发酵过程中有效态Pb含量(以ρ计)的变化,并采用FTIR(傅立叶红外光谱)和XPS(X射线光电子能谱),初步探讨了Pb2+在Bt表面的作用机制.结果表明:污泥培养基在支持Bt生长代谢和降低重金属有效态含量方面均优于商用培养基,当初始ρ(Pb2+)高达400 mg/L时,与未添加Pb2+相比,污泥培养基中Bt活菌数与晶体蛋白产量约分别下降48%和54%,而商用培养基中约分别下降82%和75%,证实了污泥作为Bt发酵培养基的可行性;Bt对Pb2+有较好的耐受性,当ρ(有效态Pb)在80 mg/L以下时,Bt生长代谢不会受到显著影响.光谱学分析表明,Bt对Pb2+有少量吸附,从而降低Bt发酵过程中Pb的生物有效性,吸附位点主要为羟基,部分C O和S O也参与了吸附反应.     

醌介导染料脱色菌株的分离鉴定及特性

实验分离获得1株能够利用醌化合物使磺酸化偶氮染料脱色的菌株JL,通过形态特征、16S rDNA与16S-23S区间序列分析表明,该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(命名为Bacillus cereus JL).菌株JL使酸性大红3R脱色的最佳条件为葡萄糖浓度1g/L, pH值为5~7,温度30℃,接种量0.25g/L.蒽醌-2-磺酸(AQS)、蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸(AQDS)和2-羟基-1,4-萘醌(Lawsone)均能显著提高酸性大红3R的脱色速率,其中AQS的促进作用最为明显.研究发现, 0.1mmol/L AQS能够使菌株JL对2.0mmol/L酸性大红3R保持较高的脱色速率,而且能使多种偶氮染料脱色,表现出较好的底物广谱性.利用高效液相色谱-质谱鉴定了AQS介导的酸性大红3R脱色产物,表明酸性大红3R的偶氮键发生断裂, AQS在这一过程中仅起到电子传递的作用.     

六价铬还原细菌Bacillus cereus S5.4还原机理及酶学性质研究

从宝钢电镀污泥中分离得到1株六价铬还原细菌Bacillus cereus S5.4,在液体LB培养基中培养72　h完全还原2　mmol/L Cr⁶⁺.测定该菌株六价铬还原后细胞内外六价铬和总铬浓度,检测细胞各组分六价铬还原能力,并结合扫描电镜分析六价铬还原前后细胞形态的变化.结果表明,细菌的细胞壁膜能阻止六价铬进入细胞,是六价铬发生还原的主要场所,其通透性的改变将影响六价铬还原酶的作用;该菌株六价铬还原酶为非分泌型,在细菌细胞内侧发生作用.测定六价铬还原酶活性和稳定性：其最适温度范围25～37℃,最适pH 7,Cu2＋有增强六价铬还原酶活性的作用;在37℃,该菌株六价铬还原酶K_m为125.61 μmol/L,V_max为7.68 nmol/(min·mg).