河北省会展人才需求与会展人才培养调研报告

结合河北省会展人才缺乏、迫切需要复合型及实战型人才的现状,指出会展人才培养存在专业培养目标不明晰、专业课程体系尚未建立及校企合作模式没有真正落实等问题,提出人才需求与人才培养需要科学测评会展人才需求,构建多层次会展教育体系,加强院校与会展企业的对话机制和课程设置坚持以市场需求为导向等具体措施。     

CCUS对中国粗钢生产的碳减排潜力评估

在评估2019年277个涉及粗钢生产的钢铁企业和17.6亿tCO2排放量的基础上,采用针对钢铁行业的全流程CCUS系统评价模型(ITEAM-CCUS模型)研究了粗钢生产结合碳捕集利用与封存技术(CCUS)的CO2减排潜力.评估设置了 8种情景,初步回答了钢铁行业的粗钢生产通过规模化CCUS的减排规模、成本范围、封存场地...     

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi,Kenya, Rwanda,Tanzania, and Uganda

Investments in agricultural technologies, capacity building and policy harmonization are needed to support sustainable development across Africa. Regional development projects can facilitate the adoption of agricultural technologies and innovations across nation-state borders and generate benefits for shared prosperity. This paper uses panel data from 1,160 smallholder households including beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries from five countries in East Africa - Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. From a pool of over 90 projects implemented over a span of 15 years, 23 regional projects are included in this study. The major economic benefits to smallholder participants are higher crop productivity and income, access to adaptable technologies, access to markets, higher livestock and milk production, gender equality, enhanced food security, resilience and capacity building for uptake and scaling up of future innovation platforms. For example, the adoption of low-cost tissue culture banana by the beneficiaries increased their incomes by 15% in Rwanda while the adoption of appropriate land and water management technologies increased the potato yields from 2.8 tons (USD 2,840/ha) to over 7.5 tons (USD 7,410/ha) in Kenya. The beneficiaries ensured value added to commodities like bananas (for export) and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (a nutrition-sensitive intervention for enhancing domestic intake of vitamin A) in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. Additionally, milk production increased from 6 to 11 L per cow per day in Uganda and from 6 to 8 L per cow per day in Tanzania, with increases in sales generating USD 115 per cow per month above the non-beneficiaries. These results are supported by previous studies on technology adoption, investments in agriculture and well-being outcomes. Our findings with the higher farm income Difference-in-Differences (DiD) estimator for the female beneficiaries compared to male beneficiaries might have important implications for investing in regional development projects that will close the gender gap in agricultural productivity in Africa. Regional projects can also support post-conflict development efforts for food security and peace in fragile contexts such as in Burundi. Our findings might serve as an input to the African Union's Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme, localization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to food security and agriculture in Africa and an input to monitoring, evaluation and learning.     

Background levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants in humans from Taiwan: Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have recently received attention due to their widespread contamination of the environment. PFOS and PFOA are stable in the environment and resistant to metabolism, hydrolysis, photolysis and biodegradation. PFOS and PFOA have been found in human blood and tissue samples from both occupationally exposed workers and the general worldwide population. This study aimed to determine the background levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Taiwanese population, investigate related factors, and compare exposure in Taiwan to that in other countries. The concentration of PFOS in the 59 serum samples collected from the general population in Taiwan ranged from 3.45 to 25.65 ng mL⁻¹ (median: 8.52), and the concentration of PFOA ranged from 1.55 to 7.69 ng mL⁻¹ (median: 3.22). There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.51; p < 0.0001) between PFOS and PFOA concentrations. Males had higher concentrations of PFOA and PFOS than females. PFOS levels in serum increased with age. This study is the first investigation to reveal the PFOS and PFOA levels of serum samples in the general population of Taiwan. The levels of PFOS and PFOA in Taiwanese serum samples were comparable with those from other countries (PFOS: 5.0–35 ng mL⁻¹, PFOA: 1.5–10 ng mL⁻¹).     

水资源与社会经济发展要素时空匹配特征——以张家口为例

水资源短缺已成为制约区域经济社会发展的重要因素,协调水资源与社会经济关系是水资源可持续利用的关键。以张家口为例,采用洛伦兹基尼系数和不均衡指数模型对水资源与社会经济发展要素的时空匹配特征进行研究,结果表明：2004—2015年张家口水资源与人口、耕地面积分布处于“匹配比较合理”和“相对匹配”状态,水资源与经济布局匹配呈现出由“完全不匹配”状态逐渐转变为“相对不匹配”状态。在空间匹配演化方面,水资源与人口、耕地面积的匹配度变化不大。水资源与经济匹配结果表明在水资源禀赋越差的地区,经济增速越快,水资源与经济的空间匹配状况越差。张家口水资源与社会经济发展要素时空匹配特征研究,对于指导区域水资源合理开发利用具有重要的现实意义。     

Effects of ecotourism on forest loss in the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot based on counterfactual analyses

Ecotourism is developing rapidly in biodiversity hotspots worldwide, but there is limited and mixed empirical evidence that ecotourism achieves positive biodiversity outcomes. We assessed whether ecotourism influenced forest loss rates and trajectories from 2000 to 2017 in Himalayan temperate forests. We compared forest loss in 15 ecotourism hubs with nonecotourism areas in 4 Himalayan countries. We used matching statistics to control for local-level determinants of forest loss, for example, population density, market access, and topography. None of the ecotourism hubs was free of forest loss, and we found limited evidence that forest-loss trajectories in ecotourism hubs were different from those in nonecotourism areas. In Nepal and Bhutan, differences in forest loss rates between ecotourism hubs and matched nonecotourism areas did not differ significantly, and the magnitude of the estimated effect was small. In India, where overall forest loss rates were the lowest of any country in our analysis, forest loss rates were higher in ecotourism hubs than in matched nonecotourism areas. In contrast, in China, where overall forest loss rates were highest, forest loss rates were lower in ecotourism hubs than where there was no ecotourism. Our results suggest that the success of ecotourism as a forest conservation strategy, as it is currently practiced in the Himalaya, is context dependent. In a region with high deforestation pressures, ecotourism may be a relatively environmentally friendly form of economic development relative to other development strategies. However, ecotourism may stimulate forest loss in regions where deforestation rates are low.     

太湖流域近地表主要温室气体本底浓度特征

根据2003年1月-2005年6月太湖流域近地表大气中主要温室气体CO2、CH4和N2O本底浓度的监测资料,研究了该流域近地表大气主要温室气体浓度的变化特征.结果表明,在观测时段内,该流域近地表大气CO2浓度呈上升趋势;CH4浓度呈逐年递减趋势;N2O浓度呈先减后增趋势.3种气体主要与人类活动、工农业生产和交通运输业发展有关,CO2浓度的季节变化明显,冬春季高,夏秋季低,最高值在12月,最低值在8月;CH4浓度由春至夏升高,由夏至秋至冬递减,最高值在7月,最低值在2月;N2O浓度没有明显的季节变化,它们主要受源汇强度变化影响.CO2浓度的日变化基本呈双峰态,是源汇强度变化和边界层稳定程度相互作用的原因,CH4浓度无明显日变化规律,N2O浓度日变化中的最高值总体呈现是夏、秋、春至冬逐渐延迟的状态.     

背景噪声的测量和用于修正计算的问题分析及建议

在诸多有关噪声排放的标准中，背景噪声的定义在时间和空间位置方面的规定不够完备；相关的测量的规范方法也未对背景噪声的测量作了规定。实际操作上的“非同时性”给背景噪声的测量结果及用于修正均带来一些失准问题。文中分析了这些问题并提出了初步建议。     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

曲江台野外试记分析

根据曲江台野外波形试记情况,分析所记录到的天然与非天然地震事件.根据"中国数字地震观测网络"区域数字测震台站勘选技术要求,计算分析连续48小时的背景噪声速度均方根值(RMS)和噪声功率谱密度,结果表明该台基的背景地噪声达到"Ⅰ类台基噪声水平".