细菌在黄土上的吸附／解吸特征及吸附量对土壤石油降解的影响

本文通过室内实验,研究了细菌在黄土上的吸附解吸特征,并探讨了其在黄土上的吸附量对土壤石油降解的影响。结果表明,细菌在黄土上的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,当菌液浓度较低时,吸附量随浓度增加而急剧上升,随着菌液浓度进一步增加,吸附量随浓度的增加渐渐平缓;细菌在黄土上的解吸作用极弱,一旦被吸附后,较难被解吸,解吸量平均仅是吸附量的1％;随着细菌在土壤上吸附量的增加,降解率相应提高。当土中含油量为3．52％,菌液浓度为1．0×10^8个／ml,经过30d后,降解率可达到45％。     

耐低温苯酚降解菌的降解动力学研究

研究耐低温菌在15℃水温条件下对不同浓度苯酚的生物降解作用,采用反应动力学方程拟合其降解过程。结果表明：菌株在低温下可降解苯酚,当菌体质量浓度一定时,苯酚降解率及平均降解速率主要与苯酚初始浓度有关。当初始浓度〈350 mg/L时,在48 h内可完全降解,菌株降解过程中没有出现苯酚毒性抑制作用,遵循Monod方程;当初始浓度〉350 mg/L时,苯酚降解率及降解速率均有所下降,由于初始浓度高对菌体产生了抑制作用,降解过程以基质抑制型的Hal-dane方程为主。     

烟道气生物脱硫技术研究进展

随着环境生物技术的不断发展,烟道气生物脱硫技术越来越受到人们的广泛关注。综述了近年来烟道气生物法脱硫与资源化的研究进展,指出了主要优势技术各自存在的问题,并对未来发展提出了建议。     

高岭土控制污泥膨胀的研究

活性污泥膨胀一直是困扰人们的难题。本实验以人工合成污水为底物,利用间歇式反应器(SBR)通过投加高岭土来研究污泥膨胀的控制情况。同时分析活性污泥中的丝状菌形态。结果表明,投加高岭土来控制污泥膨胀效果非常显著,对出水水质影响甚微。     

生物淋滤技术处理垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属

介绍了国内外生物淋滤技术在处理垃圾焚烧飞灰方面的研究现状和进展,从选用菌种和影响因素两方面作了详细描述.最后指出研究中存在的问题,并对生物淋滤技术今后的研究重点进行了展望.     

酚醛废水处理技术研究进展

酚醛废水(PFW)含有大量挥发酚和游离甲醛,还含有部分甲醇及少量低分子树脂、大量酸类等有毒物,需经过处理后才可排入环境.其中联合工艺是最为可行的处理工艺.     

Diverse bacterial populations of PM2.5 in urban and suburb Shanghai,China

• Urban aerosols harbour diverse bacterial communities in Shanghai. • The functional groups were associated with nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur cycling. • Temperature, SO₂, and wind speed were key drivers for the bacterial community. Airborne bacteria play key roles in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and human health, yet our understanding of bacterial communities and their response to the environmental variables lags significantly behind that of other components of PM_2.5. Here, atmospheric fine particles obtained from urban and suburb Shanghai were analyzed by using the qPCR and Illumina Miseq sequencing. The bacteria with an average concentration of 2.12 × 10³ cells/m³, were dominated by Sphingomonas, Curvibacter, Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Methylobacterium, Halomonas, Aliihoeflea, and Phyllobacterium, which were related to the nitrogen, carbon, sulfur cycling and human health risk. Our results provide a global survey of bacterial community across urban, suburb, and high-altitude sites. In Shanghai (China), urban PM_2.5 harbour more diverse and dynamic bacterial populations than that in the suburb. The structural equation model explained about 27%, 41%, and 20%–78% of the variance found in bacteria diversity, concentration, and discrepant genera among urban and suburb sites. This work furthered the knowledge of diverse bacteria in a coastal Megacity in the Yangtze river delta and emphasized the potential impact of environmental variables on bacterial community structure.     

Impact of silver nanoparticles on natural marine biofilm bacteria

There has been a recent increase in the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a wide range of consumer products due to their highly effective antimicrobial properties. However, Ag NPs give cause for concern since their wide use makes them likely to be released into aquatic ecosystems and potentially affect natural bacterial communities. In this study marine biofilms were grown in situ in a coastal site (Singapore Harbour) and exposed in the laboratory for a further 24 h to 0-2000 μg L⁻¹ of well characterised Ag NPs. Increasing concentrations of Ag NPs caused a significant decrease in biofilm volume and biomass, and Ag uptake by biofilms per unit of volume was also dependent on concentration. Terminal fragment length polymorphisms and subsequent cluster and phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of major bacterial groups in biofilms irrespective of treatment with Ag NPs. This implies that even at the highest concentrations studied these taxonomic groups were not displaced. Nevertheless, biofilm succession was impeded on Ag NP treated biofilms, affecting the relative abundance of major bacterial groups in the biofilm community, with potential longer term effects on biofilm development and function.