医院污水治理技术探讨

对医院污水的治理技术从三个方面加以阐述：污水中有机物的去除，污水排放前的消毒，污泥的无害化处理。     

食品企业污水中细菌的基因芯片快速检测技术

食品企业污水中含有各种无机污物和有机污物．其中夹带的致病菌将导致多种疾病的爆发和流行．严重威胁着人类的健康。传统的细菌分离、培养和鉴定技术操作繁琐且耗时长（一般需4～7d）。为了快速．准确地检测食品企业污水中存在的细菌，建立了一种采用基因芯片技术对食品企业污水中常见细菌检测和鉴定的实验方法（需时4h）。实验中设计了8对特异引物并成功分成2组混合引物进行多重PCR反应：BI物Ⅰ为Kp＋HlyA＋InvA＋ipaH，引物Ⅱ为Cadc＋Oprl＋Ent＋23SrRNA。效果良好。实验确定了适宜的PCR反应循环数为35个循环，适宜的杂交温度为48℃。用实验制备的基因芯片对模拟水样检测结果的准确率达100％，说明该基因芯片对目的细菌特征基因的检测结果是可靠的。用该方法对食品企业污水水样进行检测具有高准确率，为今后更大规模的检测研究奠定了基础。     

陕西师范大学雁塔校区大气微生物污染调查

在对陕西师范大学雁塔校区教学区和生活区大气微生物污染检测的基础上,评价与分析了雁塔校区大气微生物的污染状况.依照中科院生态学研究中心制定的大气微生物污染评价的七级标准,雁塔校区内大气微生物污染轻微,其中教学区大气微生物含量高于生活区,但是都能达到清洁空气的标准.     

Pollution and biodegradation of hexabromocyclododecanes: A review

• Bioremediation is the most cost-effective approach for degradation of HBCDs. • Bacteria or bacterial consortia are used in the cases of bio-augmentation. • Microbes combined with phytoremediation increase the remediation efficiency. Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are the most common brominated flame-retardants after polybrominated diphenyl ethers. HBCDs can induce cancer by causing inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome. Environmental contamination with HBCDs has been detected globally, with concentrations ranging from ng to mg. Methods to degrade HBCDs include physicochemical methods, bioremediation, and phytoremediation. The photodegradation of HBCDs using simulated sunlight or ultraviolet lamps, or chemical catalysts are inefficient and expensive, as is physicochemical degradation. Consequently, bioremediation is considered as the most cost-effective and clean approach. To date, five bacterial strains capable of degrading HBCDs have been isolated and identified: Pseudomonas sp. HB01, Bacillus sp. HBCD-sjtu, Achromobacter sp. HBCD-1, Achromobacter sp. HBCD-2, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS9. The molecular mechanisms of biodegradation of HBCDs are discussed in this review. New microbial resources should be explored to increase the resource library in order to identify more HBCD-degrading microbes and functional genes. Synthetic biology methods may be exploited to accelerate the biodegradation capability of existing bacteria, including modification of the degrading strains or functional enzymes, and artificial construction of the degradation microflora. The most potentially useful method is combining micro-degradation with physicochemical methods and phytoremediation. For example, exogenous microorganisms might be used to stimulate the adsorption capability of plants for HBCDs, or to utilize an interaction between exogenous microorganisms and rhizosphere microorganisms to form a new rhizosphere microbial community to enhance the biodegradation and absorption of HBCDs.     

舟山市海洋贝类生物体内的细菌学研究

对浙江省舟山市各区县海洋贝类体内细菌数量及优势细菌种类进行了初步研究。根据2004年8月的采样和实验室分析,结果表明,贝类生物体内的优势种为少动鞘氨醇单胞菌、温和气单胞菌、欧文氏菌属等,一些能够诱发疾病的如杀鲑气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、腐败假单胞菌等的出现应当引起重视。对生物体内的细菌数量检测发现,弧菌和粪大肠菌群数量都比较高,弧菌的测值范围为50个/克~1.8×104个/克,几何平均为9.3×102个/克;粪大肠菌群的测值范围为2.0~23个/克,几何平均为12.0个/克,超国家海洋生物体内粪大肠菌群二类标准,超标率为91.7%。