大气O3浓度升高对2种基因型矮菜豆丛枝菌根(AM)结构及球囊霉素蛋白产生的影响

以臭氧敏感性不同的2种基因型(O3敏感型:S156;O3耐受型:R123)矮菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)为宿主植物,在模拟的大气臭氧浓度升高环境中研究臭氧胁迫对2种基因型植物的AM结构和球囊霉素蛋白产生的影响,旨在了解大气臭氧浓度升高对AM真菌生长和AM结构形成的影响.结果表明,与自然大气臭氧水平(20 nL.L-1)相比,臭氧浓度升高(70nL.L-1)显著降低了S156和R123植物的菌根侵染率,特别是S156植物,下降了43.6%.臭氧浓度升高明显影响了2种基因型植物的AM结构组成,表现在根室和菌丝室外生菌丝量、单位根长丛枝数的大幅下降,以及根室和菌丝室孢子数的显著增加,特别是S156植物变化更为明显;但2种基因型植物的单位根长泡囊数随臭氧浓度变化不显著.臭氧浓度升高对2种基因型植物的菌根际和菌丝际总球囊霉素蛋白量影响不显著,但导致菌根际和菌丝际的易提取球囊霉素蛋白量大幅增加;不过2种基因型植物间差异不显著.本研究表明,大气臭氧浓度升高显著影响植物菌根侵染率、AM结构形成和易提取球囊霉素蛋白的产生,特别是对臭氧敏感型植物影响更大.     

头孢噻肟钠与重金属对AmpC β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因转移的影响

为探究抗生素和重金属对抗性转移及接合子抗性基因丰度的影响,借助绿色荧光蛋白标记质粒,采用滤膜接合配对方法研究了胁迫条件对细菌接合频率的影响,定量检测了转移后的AmpC β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因丰度的变化.结果表明,头孢噻肟钠及重金属共胁迫促进了AmpC β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因从复杂群落到Escherichia coli BL21的转移.3μg·L~(-1)头孢噻肟钠胁迫下,细菌接合频率为空白组的2.06倍,其中,接合子耐药基因CIT、FOX和EBC的相对丰度分别升高了7.47、4.30和1.60倍.同时,以3μg·L~(-1)头孢噻肟钠胁迫组为对照,研究了重金属汞、铜和锌共胁迫对抗性转移的影响,考虑到头孢噻肟钠的水解特性和接合子克隆性扩增,接合时间定为3 h.结果发现,汞、铜、锌与头孢噻肟钠共胁迫组的细菌接合频率分别比对照组增长了2.57、1.60和1.74倍.汞共胁迫对接合子中7种AmpC β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因丰度无显著影响;铜共胁迫效应因抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)种类不同而不同,其中,对抗性基因EBC相对丰度的影响最大;锌共胁迫效应受锌离子浓度和ARGs种类影响,100 mg·L~(-1)锌共胁迫使得EBC和CIT丰度比对照组分别增加3.56和2.76倍.可见,抗生素与重金属共胁迫条件可促进环境中AmpC β-内酰胺酶类抗性基因的转移,值得关注.     

酵母提取物对葡萄糖发酵生产生物破乳菌Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1的影响

以从石油污染的土壤中筛选出1株生物破乳菌Alcaligenes sp.S-XJ-1为对象,考察了以葡萄糖为碳源时添加酵母提取物对生物破乳菌菌体性质、破乳性能以及菌体元素组成的影响.结果表明,酵母提取物的投加能够有效提高生物破乳菌产量,在酵母提取物浓度为5 g.L-1时,生物破乳菌产量达到3.0 g.L-1,此时葡萄糖利用率亦达到最大的58%.随着酵母提取物的投加浓度的增大,培养得到的菌体破乳性能提高,在投加浓度为10 g.L-1时,破乳率达到76%;而培养得到的菌体C/N有所降低,对其菌体表面蛋白进行提取测定发现菌体总蛋白含量升高,这与FTIR分析破乳菌菌体表面蛋白质类物质提高的结论一致.推测该生物破乳菌菌体蛋白含量的提高增强了菌体的破乳性能,菌体蛋白类物质是影响其破乳性能的关键组分之一.     

青稞B-hordein基因表达载体构建及对小麦的遗传转化

利用从具有特殊B-hordein亚基组成的青藏高原青稞材料中克隆的B-hordein编码基因(SL60)和小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基胚乳特异表达启动子PGlu1Dx构建了真核表达载体pCB2007-SL60.通过农杆菌介导对普通小麦进行遗传转化,共获得227株再生植株,经PCR鉴定和转化片段测序验证,最终获得5株阳性植株.研究为进一步分析B-hordein基因在小麦背景中的遗传和表达,以及对小麦加工特性的影响奠定了基础.图5表2参21     

Fe3+对紫球藻生长及蛋白质和β-胡萝卜素含量的影响

为了考察Fe3+对紫球藻的生长及对可溶性蛋白和β-胡萝卜素合成的影响,分别在不同浓度的Fe3+下培养紫球藻.实验测定了紫球藻细胞的生长曲线,采用超声波破碎法破碎紫球藻细胞提取可溶性蛋白,考马斯亮蓝法测定可溶性蛋白含量,丙酮溶解提取β-胡萝卜素,分光光度计测定吸光值求β-胡萝卜素含量.实验结果表明,5×10-5mol/L的Fe3+对紫球藻的生长及可溶性蛋白的积累有较大作用,5×10-4mol/L的Fe3+对β-胡萝卜素的积累有较大作用.     

有关餐桌浪费的生态命题

餐桌浪费不只是个道德命题、更是一个生态命题,在建设节约型社会的今天,减少餐桌浪费,不但节约资源,也是减少环境压力的一个最便捷简单又行之有效的方法。来自中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院的调查数据显示:我国一年仅餐饮浪费的食物蛋白和脂肪就高达800万吨和300万吨,这相当于至少倒掉了两亿人一年的口粮。同样来自媒体的报道:全国     

Responses of wheat seedlings to cadmium, mercury and trichlorobenzene stresses

The molecular response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.,cv.Yangmai 10) seedlings to heavy metal (Cd,Hg) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) stresses were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,image analysis,and peptide mass fingerprinting.The results showed inhibitions of root and shoot growth by Cd,Hg and TCB.These stresses led to water deficit and lipid phosphorylation in the seedling which also promoted protein phophorylation in the leaves.Hg stress inhibited protein synthesis while Cd and TCB stresses induced or up-regulated more proteins in the leaves.Most of these induced proteins played important roles in the biochemical reactions involved in tolerance of wheat to Cd and TCB stresses.The primary functions of Cd- and TCB-induced proteins included methionine metabolism,Rubisco modification,protein phosphorylation regulation,protein configuration protection,H+ transmembrane transportation and also the synthesis of ethylene defense substances and cell wall compounds.     

高浓度豆制品废水预处理实验研究

对高浓度豆制品废水的预处理方法作了实验研究。采用调节等电点酸沉降的方法回收蛋白质,然后用聚合硫酸铁化学混凝处理上清液以降低COD的含量。实验证明了方法的可行性并得出了最佳实验条件。     

Differential response of multiple zebrafish hepatic F-box protein genes to 17α-ethinylestradiol treatment

Estrogens are accumulating in environment and their e ects on a variety of reproductive processes and tumorigenesis were reported by previous study, but the mechanism of estrogen promoting neoplasia was still not clear. F-box protein (FBP) is the component of E3 ubiquitin ligase which takes part in a variety of key biological processes. In this study, using mature male zebrafish, which are more sensitive to estrogen treatment, we examined influence of 17 -ethinylestradiol (EE2) exposure on the expression of a series of hepatic FBP genes, which take part in a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. The influence of EE2 on the expression of hepatic mRNA concentrations of FBP genes were quantified based on the expression of the optimal internal control gene in male zebrafish after 7-day exposure to EE2, from a low-dose concentration (1 ng/L) to environmentally relevant concentrations (10, 100 ng/L). Our results showed that EE2 exposure reduced the expression of fbxl14a, fbxl14b, fbxo25 and -TRCP2b, but enchanced the expression of skp2. While the alterations in fbxl2, fbxw7, fbxo9, -TRCP2a, fbxl18 and fbxo45 mRNA levels were not observed after EE2 exposure. Thus, our results showed that the expression of hepatic FBP genes exhibited di erentially in male zebrafish exposed EE2. The changes of the expression level of FBP genes induced by EE2 may be an important clue to elucidate the correlations of estrogen and hepatic tumors.     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and its sludge dewaterability

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability during anarobic digestion.