现代荒漠化过程中人为影响的系统分析——以内蒙古自治区乌审旗现代荒漠化过程为例

人类生产系统同资源环境之间存在复杂的多重反馈作用机制,现代荒漠化过程是人类活动不当造成的。本文对现代荒漠化过程中人为影响的系统分析表明：现代荒漠化过程中,各指标的变化速率不是一成不变的,而具有明显的阶段性；将控制人口增长速度与增加农牧业生产的物质技术投入、提高农牧业生产的集约化水平结合在一起,实行综合治理,是防治荒漠化的重要措施。     

土壤中元素磷的地球化学

土壤磷素包括无机磷和有机磷。由于生物有效性的不同 ,无机磷和有机磷又可分为各种形态的无机磷和有机磷组分。土壤磷素的生物地球化学行为受多种因素的影响。为此本文概述了土壤中元素磷的地球化学行为及其影响因素。     

高浓度Al存在时Ca的测定

用原子吸收法测定土壤中Ｃａ含量时，有高浓度Ａｌ存在会产生负干扰。在待测液中加入Ｓｒ＾２＋作为释放剂可以消除干扰，并获得正确的测定值。     

苏州苗家河水质污染对鱼类的影响

通过对苏州古城区南园河水系苗家河水质和鱼类现状的调查，分析了水质对鱼类生长的影响。根据河道水质情况及渔业饵料基础，提出引进以摄食腐碎为主的鱼类等措施。     

Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: Will it affect the uptake of prenatal carrier screening?

We report a study which examined whether the decision of 135 couples to accept prenatal cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier screening would be influenced by the advent of gene therapy. A majority (91 couples; 67 per cent) felt that gene therapy for CF would not influence their decision to be screened. Twenty-two couples (16 per cent) stated that they would decline to be screened and an equal number felt ambivalent. Even if the life expectancy of a CF sufferer were increased by gene therapy to normal, 78 per cent of couples would still wish to avail themselves of prenatal carrier screening. A majority of women who decline screening do so because they are opposed to termination of pregnancy. The availability of gene therapy could increase the proportion of couples who accept screening.     

基于环境库兹涅茨曲线的江苏省经济增长的环境效应研究

对江苏省1991-2004年经济增长与环境质量关系的分析表明,江苏省的环境库兹涅茨曲线不同于一般的倒U型形状而呈现出N型,环境质量有经过改善后再次恶化的倾向.江苏省经济增长的环境效应分解为各种环境污染物的经济规模效应、结构效应和技术效应,表现为三方面特征:(1)总体上多数产业的单位产值污染排放水平有一定下降;(2)产业的污染特性基本未发生明显改变,说明江苏省的工业结构没有发生剧烈变化;(3)江苏省的环境库兹涅茨曲线处于上升段,说明经济增长对环境的规模效应要大于经济增长的技术效应和结构效应.     

台湾花莲西南Ms7.6级地震对庐江台汤池1#井地下流体的影响

介绍庐江综合观测井在1999年9月21日台湾花莲西南Ms7．6级地震的前兆异常及震时、震后效应。该井在这次地震的前兆异常的主要特点是：（1）溶解气体组分、水氡、井压等存在中期异常，异常时间都在3～4年；（2）水位和水温存在短临异常；（3）大部分测项震后效应明显；（4）水位和水温的震时和震后效应几乎同时出现，但却是逆向发展，为多年以来地下流体综合观测资料中所少见。     

Characteristics of natural organic matter affect sorption of organic contaminants

Several soil samples were used to study how the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) affect sorption of organic compounds. These soils contains different amounts and types of NOM. Aromaticity of NOM (percentage of aromatic carbons) was determined from solid-state CPMAS 13C NMR spectra and the soil effective polarity was computed from the equation developed by Xing et al. Naphthalene was used to examine the sorption characteristics of NOM. Both aromaticity and polarity of NOM strongly affected sorption of naphthalene. Old NOM showed higher affinity than that in the surface, young soils. Sorption increased with increasing aromaticity and decreasing polarity. Thus, the sorption coefficients of organic contaminants cannot be accurately predicted without some consideration of NOM characteristics.     

浅析露天煤矿开发建设期生态环境影响及其防治措施——以鲁能宝清朝阳露天矿开采为例

重点论述露天煤矿开采对生态环境产生的影响,包括改变土地利用类型,造成土地利用结构和功能的变化,以及建设期场地平整、表土剥离、土石开挖、运输及排弃,破坏地表植被,对区域水土流失的影响,以及应采取的污染防治和恢复措施.     

Characteristics of the natural organic matter sorption affects of organic contaminants

Several soil samples were used to study how the characteristics of natural organic matter(NOM)affect sorption of organic compounds.These soils contains different amounts and types of NOM.Aromaticity of NOM(percentage of aromatic carbons)was determined from solid-state CPMAS^13 C NMR spectra and the soil effective polarity was computed from the equation developed by Xing et al.Naphthalene was used to examine the sorption characteristics of NOM.Both aromaticity and polarity of NOM strongly affected sorption of naphthalene.Old NOM showed higher affinity than that in the surface,young soils.Sorption increased with increasing aromaticity and decreasing polarity.Thus,the sorption coefficients of organic contaminants cannot be accurately predicted without some considerstion of NOM characteristics.