固体径迹探测器与RAD-7测氡仪测定民用建筑工程室内氡浓度的比较

民用建筑工程室内氡的监测方法很多,其中固体径迹探测器法属于国标方法,RAD-7测氡仪法为近年来引进的仪器监测方法。本文对两种方法进行了比较,包括监测方法及原理、比对试验,并分析了2种方法的相关性、一致性和精度,以及两者在民用建筑工程室内氡验收监测的实际应用中的优缺点等,结果表明:以上两种方法从技术角度上讲,各有优点,均能满足一般室内空气中氡浓度的监测要求,虽然可利用固体径迹探测器法累积测量的结果来估算居住者受照剂量,进而评价氡的辐射危害,但因检验周期(至少30 d)过长,所以不适宜于工程检测;比较而言,RAD-7测氡仪的配置参数和测量方式更适宜于民用建筑工程的室内氡监测,已成为目前监测的主要方法,但在实际监测中,还需注意合理设置足够长的采样时间、湿度控制在10%以下、气路中残留气体的冲洗净化以及当初测值接近或超过《规范》规定的限量值时,有必要进一步延长监测时间进行跟踪监测等事项,以保证监测结果准确可靠。     

准组织化:“互联网+线上应急救援”的实践路径和现实困境*—以河南郑州“7·20”特大暴雨灾害事件为例

为响应我国应急管理现代化和信息化建设需要,采用参与式观察、网络民族志和深度访谈方法,从准组织化集体行动视角切入,对河南郑州“7·20”特大暴雨灾害事件中救援模式相对成熟的“互联网+线上应急救援”实践路径和现实困境进行探讨。研究结果表明:线上应急救援实践路径涵盖聚合、运转、高效、离散4个阶段,且以持续不断的行动流呈现,具有准组织化集体行动特征;同时,线上救援形式面临“合法性”不确定、救援质量不稳定、风险评估主观性和政府正式沟通渠道有限性等现实困境,研究结果可为我国应急管理信息化建设提供参考。     

全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的细胞毒性效应

新型污染物全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)在全球范围内的各种环境介质中被广泛检出,对生态安全和人体健康造成威胁。利用MTT(噻唑蓝)法研究了PFOA/PFOS对人体细胞的毒性效应。结果表明,低剂量PFOA和PFOS对人体正常肝细胞增殖具有显著毒性,其3 d半数抑制浓度(IC50值)分别约为5和0.5μg·L-1。此外,PFOA和PFOS均对MCF-7细胞增殖表现出显著的非单调剂量-毒性效应,并且在环境浓度范围(0.6μg·L-1)内均可促进MCF-7细胞增殖,表现出潜在的类雌激素作用风险。     

Solid phase extraction of trace metals from environmental samples using Amberlite XAD-7 loaded with 2-hydroxy-propiophenone-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone and determination by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

A method for the solid phase extraction of trace metals, namely Co, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, from environmental and biological samples using column Amberlite XAD-7 loaded with 2-hydroxy-propiophenone-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (HPPPTSC) and determination by inductively coupled spectrometry (ICP–AES) has been developed. The reagent has the capacity to form chelate complexes with the metals because of three binding sites in the reagent molecule. The optimum experimental conditions for the quantitative sorption of five metals, pH, effect of flow rate, concentration of eluent, sorption capacity and the effect of diverse ions on the preconcentration of analytes have been investigated. The sorption capacity of the resin has 83, 127, 35, 88 and 85?µmol?g^?1 for Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺, respectively. The preconcentration factors for Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were 100, 110, 120, 140 and 150, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was evaluated by standard reference materials. The achieved results were in good agreement with certified values. The proposed method was applied for the determination of trace metals in river water and plant leaves.     

活性炭/过一硫酸盐降解水中金橙Ⅱ:活性炭的循环利用

研究了常温常压下颗粒状活性炭(GAC)与过一硫酸盐(PMS)联合体系降解水中金橙Ⅱ时GAC可循环利用的问题.实验发现,本体系中GAC可以重复使用,循环4次后GAC的催化活性只降低了4.6%.说明该体系具有较好的GAC再生能力,氧化剂的用量越大再生能力越强.在GAC催化PMS降解金橙Ⅱ的过程中,PMS可能会氧化GAC的表面,使得GAC的催化能力得以加强.同时发现该体系中仅是GAC的催化能力得到很好的再生,而吸附能力并没有得到再生.当GAC几乎失去吸附能力时,催化能力仍几乎能保持不变.当PMS与金橙Ⅱ的物质的量之比为20∶1时,连续流实验进行10 d,GAC的催化活性仍未减弱,GAC的使用寿命较长.该体系具有很好的实际应用潜力.     

上海市大气降水中~(210)Pb、~7Be的变化特征

7Be、210Pb等放射性核素已被广泛应用于区域及全球物质传输途径示踪的研究中。2009年8月到2010年10月在上海市普陀区华东师范大学校园设采样点采集了51场大气降水样品,分析了单次降水事件中7Be和210Pb的含量以及湿沉降通量的变化特征,并对比不同季节的变化特征。结果表明:1)单次降水事件中7Be的浓度变化范围为0.21~5.99 Bq/L,210Pb浓度的变化范围为0.01~0.90 Bq/L。7Be和210Pb的月均浓度具有明显的季节变化特征:7Be的浓度高值出现在冬季,夏季浓度最低;210Pb浓度高值出现在秋、冬季节,夏季浓度最低;7Be/210Pb高值主要出现在春、秋季节。2)7Be、210Pb沉降通量与降水量有一定相关性,但单次降水事件7Be和210Pb浓度与降水量并没有很好的相关性。7Be和210Pb沉降通量存在着较好的相关性,指示7Be、210Pb沉降路径有着较好的一致性。     

Time-dependent metabolomics uncover dynamic metabolic adaptions in MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A

● Metabolomic temporal profiling of cells exposed to xenobiotics. ● Global metabolome dysregulation patterns with time-resolved landscapes. ● Synchronized regulation behavior and specific dysregulation sensitivity. ● Temporal metabolic adaptions indicated cellular emphasis transition. The biochemical consequences induced by xenobiotic stress are featured in dose-response and time-resolved landscapes. Understanding the dynamic process of cellular adaptations is crucial in conducting the risk assessment for chemical exposure. As one of the most phenotype-related omics, metabolome in response to environmental stress can vary from seconds to days. Up to now, very few dynamic metabolomics studies have been conducted to provide time-dependent mechanistic interpretations in understanding xenobiotics-induced cellular adaptations. This study aims to explore the time-resolved metabolite dysregulation manner and dynamically perturbed biological functions in MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical. By sampling at 11 time points from several minutes to hours, thirty seven significantly dysregulated metabolites were identified, ranging from amino acids, fatty acids, carboxylic acids and nucleoside phosphate compounds. The metabolites in different pathways basically showed distinct time-resolved changing patterns, while those within the common class or same pathways showed similar and synchronized dysregulation behaviors. The pathway enrichment analysis suggested that purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis as well as glutamine/glutamate (GABA) metabolism pathways were heavily disturbed. As exposure event continued, MCF-7 cells went through multiple sequential metabolic adaptations from cell proliferation to energy metabolism, which indicated an enhancing cellular requirement for elevated energy homeostasis, oxidative stress response and ER-α mediated cell growth. We further focused on the time-dependent metabolite dysregulation behavior in purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and identified the impaired glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by redox imbalance. Lastly, we established a restricted cubic spline-based model to fit and predict metabolite’s full range dysregulation cartography, with metabolite’ sensitivity comparisons retrieved and novel biomarkers suggested. Overall, the results indicated that 8 h BPA exposure leaded to global dynamic metabolome adaptions including amino acid, nucleoside and sugar metabolism disorders, and the dysregulated metabolites with interfered pathways at different stages are of significant temporal distinctions.     

AEO-7改性PbO2电极电催化降解结晶紫

通过在镀液中添加表面活性剂AEO-7,以不锈钢为基体,利用阳极氧化法制备了改性PbO2电极.同时,在结晶紫模拟废水中对比了改性前后PbO2电极的阳极极化曲线和塔菲尔曲线,并对质量浓度为10 mg·L-1的结晶紫模拟废水进行了电催化降解实验.实验结果表明,制备的改性PbO2电极对结晶紫废水的降解显示出了较好的电催化活性,最佳电解实验条件为:电解电流密度30 mA·cm-2,支持电解质Na2SO4浓度5g·L-1,处理温度35℃,在此条件下电解40 min后,结晶紫的去除率可达到90％以上.     

TiO2/Ag modified penta-bismuth hepta-oxide nitrate and its adsorption performance for azo dye removal

A modified hydrophilic penta-bismuth hepta-oxide nitrate (Bi₅O₇NO₃) surface was synthesized via a precipitation method using TiO₂ and Ag as modified agents. The synthesized product was characterized by different analytical techniques. The removal efficiency was evaluated using mono-and di-sulphonated azo dyes as model pollutants. Different kinetic, isotherm and diffusion models were chosen to describe the adsorption process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed no noticeable differences in the chemical states of modified adsorbent when compared to pure Bi₅O₇NO₃;however, the presence of hydrophilic centres such as TiO₂ and Ag developed positively charged surface groups and improved its adsorption performance to a wide range of azo dyes. Dyes removal was found to be a function of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, solution pH and temperature. The reduction of Langmuir 1,2-mixed order kinetics to the second or first-order kinetics could be successfully used to describe the adsorption of dyes onto the modified adsorbent. Mass transfer can be described by intra-particle diffusion at a certain stage, but it was not the rate limiting step that controlled the adsorption process. Homogenous behavior of adsorbent surface can be explored by applying Langmuir isotherm to fit the adsorption data.     

高强铝合金海洋大气环境剥层腐蚀研究

通过7B04铝合金海洋大气环境户外和棚下暴露试验,研究了7B04铝合金的宏观/微观腐蚀特征及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明,7B04铝合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀表现为点蚀—晶间腐蚀—剥层腐蚀的规律,棚下暴露比户外暴露严重,反面暴露比正面暴露严重。同时,从显微组织、晶间电偶腐蚀、腐蚀产物＂楔入作用＂等方面剖析了7B04铝合金剥层腐蚀的机理。