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411.
露天采矿产生的水土流失、次生地质灾害等生态负效应强度受矿山所处的地理环境控制。金沙江流域露天矿区众多,地形复杂,采矿后产生的生态负效应易受脆弱的地理环境放大,因此对流域内露天矿区进行开采条件的生态适宜性评价,对保护环境具有重要意义。采用RS、GIS等空间技术,在ArcGIS环境下建立了金沙江流域(云南段)露天矿区的空间数据库,以其中的10个典型露天矿区为研究对象,在对比分析了这些露天矿区的地理环境后,选取了地貌、海拔、坡度、植被覆盖度、植被类型及流域位置等作为评价指标,对典型露天矿区进行开采条件的生态适宜性评价。评价方法涉及专家打分、灰色关联法等。研究得出流域内10个典型露天矿的空间分布特征及开采条件的生态适宜性。研究成果为流域内露天矿区资源的合理开发利用及生态保护提供一定的科学依据 相似文献
412.
随着城市建设的不断推进,中央商务区(CBD)的可持续发展受到越来越多关注。随着全球气候变化的日益加剧,低碳CBD作为一种新型的CBD发展模式被提出。基于国内外已有的CBD建设研究,以可持续发展理念为指引,在解析CBD发展历程的基础上,探究了中国CBD低碳建设的路径和策略。CBD的碳排放特征分析表明,"低碳CBD"的发展路径必须将低碳理念贯彻到规划期、建设期及运营期等各个阶段,坚持全生命周期的低碳管理。最后,从量化低碳目标、创新低碳政策和持续改进地管理低碳建设3个方面提出了低碳CBD的发展策略。 相似文献
413.
Golubiewski N 《Ambio》2012,41(7):751-764
The energy and material flows of a city are often described as urban metabolism (UM), which is put forward as a way to link a city's ecology and economy. UM draws parallels to the biology of individual organisms, yet the analogy is misapplied. In striving to be interdisciplinary, UM makes this organismic comparison rather than identifying the city as an ecosystem, thereby ignoring developments in ecological theory. Using inappropriate rhetoric misdirects researchers, which influences scientific investigation-from problem statements to interpretations. UM is valuable in quantifying the city's use of natural resources but does not achieve a comprehensive, integrated analysis of the urban ecosystem. To realize an interdisciplinary, perhaps transdisciplinary, understanding of urban ecology, researchers need to emphasize the essential tenets of material flows analysis, view the city as an ecosystem, and use language that properly reflects current knowledge, theory, and conceptual frameworks in the foundational disciplines. 相似文献
414.
"十一五"是新疆经济飞速发展的五年,同时也是重大生态保护工程十五实施期。本文采用国家环境保护部制定的《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ/T192-2006)分别对新疆"十五"末与"十一五"末生态环境质量进行综合评价分析。结果显示:塔里木河流域生态环境质量总体处于较差水平,各县(市)生态环境质量以较差和差为主,二者面积总和在全区总面积60%以上;与"十五"末相比,全区生态环境质量保持稳定,无明显变化。呈现总体趋于稳定,局部区域有所改善的特征。 相似文献
415.
Martin W. Doyle F. Douglas Shields 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(3):494-509
Doyle, Martin W. and F. Douglas Shields, 2012. Compensatory Mitigation for Streams Under the Clean Water Act: Reassessing Science and Redirecting Policy. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 494-509. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00631.x Abstract: Current stream restoration science is not adequate to assume high rates of success in recovering ecosystem functional integrity. The physical scale of most stream restoration projects is insufficient because watershed land use controls ambient water quality and hydrology, and land use surrounding many restoration projects at the time of their construction, or in the future, do not provide sufficient conditions for functional integrity recovery. Reach scale channel restoration or modification has limited benefits within the broader landscape context. Physical habitat variables are often the basis for indicating success, but are now increasingly seen as poor surrogates for actual biological function; the assumption “if you build it they will come” lacks support of empirical studies. If stream restoration is to play a continued role in compensatory mitigation under the United States Clean Water Act, then significant policy changes are needed to adapt to the limitations of restoration science and the social environment under which most projects are constructed. When used for compensatory mitigation, stream restoration should be held to effectiveness standards for actual and measurable physical, chemical, or biological functional improvement. To achieve improved mitigation results, greater flexibility may be required for the location and funding of restoration projects, the size of projects, and the restoration process itself. 相似文献
416.
《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2012,14(2):107-121
Following the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the concept of sustainability in general and of urban sustainability in particular has become increasingly significant in the course of the 1990s. Even if the environmental problems of cities are far from being solved, one can interpret this development as a change in the relationship between society and nature on both a discursive and a material level. At the same time the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism has given rise to new forms of urban entrepreneurialism, with an absolute priority to economic competitiveness on the one hand and sharpened social conflicts on the other. Looking at the case of the Hamburg region, the article discusses the interaction of these processes. Contrary to the understanding of sustainability as a broadly accepted policy goal it conceptualizes sustainability as a terrain of conflict. As such, we will argue, the sustainability concept and the underlying change in social relations with nature contribute to containing the contradictions of capitalist societalization, which in the transition to post-Fordism have become more visible again. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
417.
中国生态工业园区发展模式研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
中国生态工业园区发展已逾10年。本文综述了国家生态工业示范园区的发展概况,总结了其发展特点和实践启示,构建了中国生态工业示范园区发展模式图,以期对1 500余家国家级和省级开发区的生态化发展提供借鉴。中国生态工业园区在发展过程中形成了"有标准可依,依标准建设,据标准考核,示范试点带动,建立长效机制"的发展路线图,由政府、市场和企业三个方面共同推进,从微观、产业集群、园区和社会四个层面建设实践。微观层面,以企业为主体,通过理念革新和技术进步,提高资源生产力和资源能源利用效率,减少废弃物产生量。产业集群层面,引入龙头企业,带动产业集群,构建"园中园"的发展模式,提升竞争力和环境管理。园区层面,完善基础设施,积极发展热电冷多联供,实施清洁能源和可再生能源替代,及再生水回用。宏观层面,实现基础设施和服务在更大区域内的延伸共享,加强社会分工,鼓励公众参与,提高公众的生态环保意识,实现经济、环境和社会和谐发展。 相似文献
418.
419.
Four Decades of Plant Community Change in the Alpine Tundra of Southwest Yukon,Canada 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Repeat measurements from long-term plots provide precise data for studying plant community change. In 2010, we visited a remote
location in Yukon, Canada, where a detailed survey of alpine tundra communities was conducted in 1968. Plant community composition
was resurveyed on the same four slopes using the same methods as the original study. Species richness and diversity increased
significantly over the 42 years and non-metric multidimensional scaling indicated that community composition had also changed
significantly. However, the direction and magnitude of change varied with aspect. Dominant species were not replaced or eliminated
but, instead, declined in relative importance. Fine-scale changes in vegetation were evident from repeat photography and dendro-ecological
analysis of erect shrubs, supporting the community-level analysis. The period of study corresponds to a mean annual temperature
increase of 2°C, suggesting that climate warming has influenced these changes. 相似文献
420.
章桂琴 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2010,20(3):5-8
工业生态是人类社会发展之必然。在阐述工业生态学基本理论的基础上,以废物再资源化为指导思想,对秦皇岛市金海粮油豆油生产进行优化组合,以豆油生产为"优势种群"(核心环节),将其生产过程中产生的"废物"作为下一生产环节的原料,即"资源—产品—再生资源"或"资源—产品—消费—再资源化"的循环式流程,建立工业生态体系,取得生态、经济和社会等多种效益的共赢。 相似文献