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631.
Leo Baas 《Journal of Cleaner Production》1998,6(3-4)
This article opens briefly with the recent discussions about the effectiveness of pollution prevention. As pollution prevention and cleaner production are important elements of industrial ecology, the different definitions and approaches of industrial ecology as a term also need clarity. The major part of this article reflects the first results of the cleaner production and industrial ecology concepts, applied in an industrial ecosystem project (INES) in the Rotterdam harbour area. In this industrial area with many refineries and (petro)chemical facilities, the possibilities for companies to reuse waste streams, by-products and energy from each other was researched. The project was initiated by an industrial association. Sixty-nine members of the industrial association joined the INES project and provided confidential information about their resources, products and waste streams to the research team. Based on this information, 15 projects were designed. The selected three projects for further feasibility studies showed the potency to reduce the use of energy, water and bio sludge significantly. 相似文献
632.
Integrating the Metapopulation and Habitat Paradigms for Understanding Broad-Scale Declines of Species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
DOUG P. ARMSTRONG 《Conservation biology》2005,19(5):1402-1410
Abstract: Caughley (1994) argued that researchers working on threatened populations tended to follow the "small population paradigm" or the "declining population paradigm," and that greater integration of these paradigms was needed. Here I suggest that two related paradigms exist at the broader spatial scale, namely the metapopulation paradigm and habitat paradigm, and that these two paradigms also need to be integrated if we are to provide sound management advice. This integration is not trivial, and I outline five problems that need to be addressed: (1) habitat variables may not measure habitat quality, so site-specific data on vital rates are needed to resolve the effects of habitat quality and metapopulation dynamics; (2) measurements of vital rates may be confounded by movements; (3) vital rates may be density dependent; (4) vital rates may be affected by genotype; and (5) vital rates cannot be measured in unoccupied patches. I reviewed papers published in Conservation Biology from 1994 to 2003 and found 41 studies that analyzed data from 10 or more sites to understand the factors limiting species' distributions. Five of the analyses presented were purely within the metapopulation paradigm, 14 were purely within the habitat paradigm, 17 involved elements of both paradigms, and 7 were theoretically ambiguous (2 papers presented 2 distinct analyses and were counted twice). This suggests that many researchers appreciate the need to integrate the paradigms. Only one study, however, used data on vital rates to resolve the effects of habitat quality and metapopulation dynamics (problem 1), and this study did not address problems 2–5. I conclude that more intensive research incorporating site-specific data on vital rates and movement is needed to complement the numerous analyses of distributional data being produced. 相似文献
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不同溶解氧条件下A/O系统的除碳脱氮效果和细菌群落结构变化 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
应用一个在不同的溶解氧(3、2、1和0.5 mg·L-1)浓度下长期运行的缺氧/好氧(A/O)小试系统考察了溶解氧浓度的变化对系统的除碳和脱氮效果以及细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明,A/O系统的除碳和脱氮效果不随溶解氧(DO)的降低而降低,在低溶解氧(0.5 mg·L-1)条件下,系统仍具有很好的除碳和脱氮效果,即化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH+4-N)和总氮(TN)的去除率分别为89.7%、98.3%和88.0%.通过PCR-DGGE方法,对系统中的细菌群落结构随DO浓度的变化规律进行了分析,结果表明,微生物群落结构随DO浓度的变化有所不同,高DO和低DO环境中的细菌群落结构差异较大,但是与高DO条件下系统内的细菌群落相比,在低DO条件下系统内细菌群落仍具有较高的生物多样性.在低DO条件下,系统内的优势细菌主要被鉴定为Proteobacteria. 相似文献
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637.
喀斯特地区生态环境保护与可持续发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
如何实现社会经济与生态环境可持续发展是全球共同关注的话题。由于我国地区贫富差距明显,要实现共同进入"全面小康社会"的宏伟目标,推动西部大开发的步伐刻不容缓。然而,中国西南地区被大面积的喀斯特地貌所占据,区域经济发展与生态环境矛盾十分突出,发展现状不容乐观。据此,本文在总结与分析喀斯特地区生态环境特点和现状的基础上,从"人-资源-经济-生态"协调发展的角度,对喀斯特区域改进发展方式,推动社会经济和生态环境可持续发展提出了八条建议。 相似文献
638.
广东省天然气一期总长约466.5km,其中干线长度约369.1km,支干线长约97.4km。项目建设区域包括广州、佛山、肇庆、惠州、韶关、清远和东莞6市。天然气管道建设因其工程特性、施工方式,不可避免对土地利用类型、土壤、植被、动物、农业等方面带来影响,其表征为景观生态的直接影响,由此带来生态系统结构和功能的改变。以广东省天然气一期为例,采用遥感解译和GIS分析技术进行生态影响评价。通过地貌、植被、土地利用现状和现代地理过程等要素的组合,结合景观破碎度、多样性、优势度等指标,定量评价管道建设造成的景观生态影响。选取植被、土壤亮度、湿度、热度等指数,确立各指数权重分后,建立生态评价模型,对生态系统质量进行综合评价,分析管道建设可能造成的生态系统影响。评价区内景观生态类型可分为水域、旱地、水田、林地、草地、建设用地6种,各占6.5%、9.9%、51.2%、25.2%、2.8%和4.3%,破碎度为0.298,均匀度0.743,优势度0.594;生态环境质量可分为良好、中等、较差3类,各占39.8%、26.0%和34.2%。 相似文献
639.
介绍了开展矿山生态环境监察的内涵、特点,分析了矿山资源开发引起的环境问题,总结了河北省环境监察发展历程、矿山生态环境监察内容及取得的成果,存在的问题,提出了对策。 相似文献
640.
Surface disposal of human waste by the smear method, a suggested but heretofore unexamined technique, was tested in three environments and examined for reductions in fecal mass and fecal indicator bacteria. Substantial reduction in fecal mass was observed after six and fourteen weeks of exposure in all environments, but extensive reduction in fecal indicator bacteria was observed in only the arid and alpine environments. Although surface smears appear favorable to cathole techniques in terms of indicator bacteria reduction, the application of this method is limited by several other factors common to backcountry sanitation situations. It is therefore likely that surface disposal would only be applicable in very remote, low use, alpine and arid settings where lack of soil development precludes the use of catholes and carry-out techniques are otherwise impractical. 相似文献