西部大开发与聚落生态建设——以西南山区为例

我国西部生态环境退化与广泛分布的农村聚落落后的生产方式和生活方式有密切关系。在西部大开发中 ,搞好生态环境必须与聚落建设统一规划 ,同步实施。重点应解决好环境恶劣的聚落、地方病聚落、自然保护区聚落、草场聚落、工程移民聚落。根据不同生态状况 ,可采取新建聚落、重建聚落与迁建聚落等聚落建设方略     

陕北能源开发区城镇生态环境建设战略

根据国内外城市发展趋势和我国城镇生态建设的基本要求,对陕北原源开发区城镇生态环境建设提出了战略性看法和建议。     

The ecology of COVID-19 and related environmental and sustainability issues

Around the globe, human behavior and ecosystem health have been extensively and sometimes severely affected by the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Most efforts to study these complex and heterogenous effects to date have focused on public health and economics. Some studies have evaluated the pandemic’s influences on the environment, but often on a single aspect such as air or water pollution. The related research opportunities are relatively rare, and the approaches are unique in multiple aspects and mostly retrospective. Here, we focus on the diverse research opportunities in disease ecology and ecosystem sustainability related to the (intermittent) lockdowns that drastically reduced human activities. We discuss several key knowledge gaps and questions to address amid the ongoing pandemic. In principle, the common knowledge accumulated from invasion biology could also be effectively applied to COVID-19, and the findings could offer much-needed information for future pandemic prevention and management.     

The impact of recreational boat traffic on Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus)

This study evaluated the impact of small boat traffic on reaction distances of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus), in the marine waters of Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, British Columbia, Canada. Observers on moving boats recorded the minimum distance the boat came to murrelets on the water, and any disturbance reaction (fly, dive, no reaction). Out of the 7500 interactions 11.7% flew, 30.8% dove and 58.1% exhibited no flushing reaction. Using a product-limit analysis, we developed curves for the proportion of Marbled Murrelets flushing (dive or flight) as a function of reaction distance. Overall, the majority of Marbled Murrelets waited until boats were within 40 m before reacting, with 25% of the population reacting at 29.2m. A stepwise Cox regression indicated that age, boat speed, and boat density (loaded in that order), significantly affected flushing response. More juveniles flushed than adults (70.1 versus 51.7%), but at closer distances. Faster boats caused a greater proportion of birds to flush, and at further distances (25% of birds flushed at 40 m at speeds > 29 kph versus 28m at speeds <12kph). A stepwise logistic regression on diving and flight responses indicated that birds tended to fly completely out of feeding areas at the approach of boats travelling >28.8 kph and later in the season (July and August). Other secondary variables included; boat density and time of day. Discussion focused on possible management actions such as the application of speed limits, set back distances, and exclusion of boat traffic to protect Marbled Murrelets.     

Diversity in Current Ecological Thinking: Implications for Environmental Management

Current ecological thinking emphasizes that systems are complex, dynamic, and unpredictable across space and time. What is the diversity in interpretation of these ideas among today’s ecologists, and what does this mean for environmental management? This study used a Policy Delphi survey of ecologists to explore their perspectives on a number of current topics in ecology. The results showed general concurrence with nonequilibrium views. There was agreement that disturbance is a widespread, normal feature of ecosystems with historically contingent responses. The importance of recognizing multiple levels of organization and the role of functional diversity in environmental change were also widely acknowledged. Views differed regarding the predictability of successional development, whether “patchiness” is a useful concept, and the benefits of shifting the focus from species to ecosystem processes. Because of their centrality to environmental management, these different views warrant special attention from both managers and ecologists. Such divergence is particularly problematic given widespread concerns regarding the poor linkages between science (here, ecology) and environmental policy and management, which have been attributed to scientific uncertainty and a lack of consensus among scientists, both jeopardizing the transfer of science into management. Several suggestions to help managers deal with these differences are provided, especially the need to interpret broader theory in the context of place-based assessments. The uncertainty created by these differences requires a proactive approach to environmental management, including clearly identifying environmental objectives, careful experimental design, and effective monitoring.     

马克思主义生态文明思想中国化的逻辑必然

马克思主义生态文明思想揭开了生态环境危机产生的秘密,并且开辟了解决危机的道路。马克思主义生态文明思想中国化离不开马克思主义生态文明思想自身的逻辑发展、中国传统文化中“天人合一”的文化根基以及中国革命、建设、改革时期的具体国情,这三者的结合共同建构了马克思主义生态文明思想中国化的逻辑必然。     

Parsing participation: models of engagement for outcomes monitoring in urban stewardship

Few urban environmental stewardship, or civic ecology, practices monitor their impacts on local communities and ecosystems. This lack of monitoring prevents lay stewards from adapting their practices based on outcomes. For those that do collect data on their practices, we see different forms of practitioner engagement in outcomes monitoring. We categorise these different forms of engagement according to five published models of public participation in scientific research, revealing different strategies for collecting and analysing data towards adaptive co-management in urban ecosystems. We propose two broad strategies for expanding outcomes monitoring in these contexts: creating openly accessible tools and protocols for do-it-yourself inquiry and supporting more resource-intensive partnerships between practitioners and scientists for more complex forms of outcomes monitoring.     

鄱阳湖流域基本特征、面临挑战和关键科学问题

鄱阳湖流域总面积占长江流域面积的9%,占江西省国土面积的939%,鄱阳湖流域的生态健康维系着流域内,特别是长江中下游的生态安全,是区域经济、社会、生态可持续发展的重要保障。在全面认识鄱阳湖流域基本特征和面临挑战的基础上,探讨了鄱阳湖流域面临的五大科学问题：“山 江 湖”的相互关系与流域的生态健康;全球变化背景下流域生态系统的响应;流域生物多样性地理格局与社会经济合理分区;长江流域环境演变对鄱阳湖流域的影响;流域科学管理的理论与实践。为鄱阳湖生态经济区的建设和全流域的综合管理提供科学的建议和对策     

钢铁产业生态化设计与政策选择

钢铁产业是国民经济重要的支柱产业,也是典型的高能耗、高排放、高污染产业。钢铁产业生态化设计与政策选择是落实科学发展观,推动生态文明建设,加快转变经济发展方式的必然要求。以烧结(球团)、焦化、炼铁、炼钢、轧钢工序中节能减排、污染防治和落后生产能力淘汰为重点,以环境影响评价为导向,基于钢铁全生产流程物质流分析,融入循环经济和清洁生产理念,以新型节能清洁工艺技术、装备技术和仿真、信息化技术的开发应用为切入点,融入生态文明、循环经济和清洁生产理念,完善钢铁生态产业链,加强资源综合利用,强化生态技术创新。本文从市场引导、政策促进、环境监管、技术创新、过程控制、内部循环、外部联合、责任延伸、行业自律、公众参与等10个层面,构建促进钢铁产业生态化的政策体系,充分发挥政府、企业、行业、中介组织、金融机构和社会公众的作用,在规划、机制和技术层次上全面落实钢铁产业生态化政策,全面推动我国钢铁产业的转型升级和绿色发展。     

Bioenergy project appraisal in sub‐Saharan Africa: Sustainability barriers and opportunities in Zambia

Although there is continuing debate surrounding biofuel cultivation (especially in developing nations) in relation to issues of exploitation, land grabbing, poverty alleviation and energy security, there is a lack of empirical evidence to assess how these debates are playing out in practice on the ground. Drawing on political ecology discourse, this paper examines case studies of biofuel production in Zambia and the effects they have on environmental and social sustainability. During April and May 2011, data were collected on two case study projects involving Jatrophacurcas feedstock cultivation in Zambia. Semi‐structured interviews were used to ascertain views from affected stakeholders (local farmers, local environmental, social, and agronomic experts, and investors) on the biofuel projects and their environmental and social impacts. The findings suggest that the uneven distribution of costs and benefits are brought about by imbalances in knowledge, access to resources and the allocation of social and political influence (often associated with broader discourses of development), and this provides a likely rationale for a lack of sustainability in biofuel projects. Drawing on these viewpoints, as well as on field observations, this paper outlines the barriers and opportunities linked to Jatrophacurcas project sustainability.