资源环境生态经济价值综论

本文在回顾经济学资源环境观的基础上 ,系统分析了资源环境生态经济价值的内涵 ;并进一步对生态学、环境经济学与可持续发展等相关研究进行分析和总结。     

The re-imagining of a framework for agricultural land use: A pathway for integrating agricultural practices into ecosystem services,planetary boundaries and sustainable development goals: This article belongs to Ambio’s 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Agricultural land use

This paper reflects on the legacy of the Ambio papers by Sombroek et al. (1993), Turner et al. (1994), and Brussaard et al. (1997) on the study of agricultural land use and its impacts on global carbon storage and nutrient dynamics. The papers were published at a time of transition in ecology that involved the integration of humans as components of ecosystems, the formulation of the ecosystem services, and emergence of sustainability science. The papers offered new frameworks to studying agricultural land use across multiple scales in a way that captured causality from interacting components of the system. Each paper argued for more comprehensive data sets; foreseeing the power of network-based science, the potential of molecular technologies to assess biodiversity, and advances in remote sensing. The papers have contributed both conceptual framings and methodological approaches to an ongoing movement to identify a pathway to study agricultural land use and environmental change that fit within the concepts of ecosystem services, planetary boundaries and sustainable development goals.     

Guidelines for Riparian Vegetative Shade Restoration Based Upon a Theoretical Shaded‐Stream Model1

Abstract: Guidelines for riparian vegetative shade restoration were developed using a theoretical model of total daily radiation received by a shaded stream. The model assumed stream shading by nontransmitting, vertical or overhanging, solid vegetation planes in infinitely long reaches. Radiation components considered in the model were direct beam shortwave on the stream centerline, diffuse atmospheric shortwave, shortwave reflected by vegetation, atmospheric longwave, and longwave emitted by vegetation. Potential or extraterrestrial shortwave irradiation theory was used to compute beam shortwave radiation received at the stream centerline, and view factor theory was used to compute diffuse radiation exchange among stream, vegetation, and atmospheric planes. Model shade effects under clear skies were dominated by reductions in receipt of direct beam shortwave radiation. Model shade effects with cloudy skies were dominated by the “view factor effect” or the decreases in diffuse shortwave and longwave radiation from the atmosphere balanced against increases in longwave radiation from vegetation. Model shade effects on shortwave radiation reflected by vegetation were found to be negligible. The model was used to determine the vegetation height (H) to stream width (W) ratios needed to achieve 50, 75, and 90 % shade restoration for mid‐latitude conditions on clear and cloudy days. Ratios of vegetation height to stream width, for dense nontransmitting vegetation, generally ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 for 75% shade restoration at a mid‐latitude site (40°N). The model was used to show H/W needed for E‐W vs. N‐S stream azimuths, varying stream latitudes between 30° and 50°N, channels with overhanging vegetation, channels undergoing width changes, as well as the limits to shade restoration on very wide channels.     

广西陆上风电场开发存在的环境问题及对策研究

广西从保证能源安全,减少污染物排放,保护环境,满足低碳经济社会发展对能源的需要,将风电项目作为新能源项目重点推进.广西陆上风电场大部分位于水源涵养和生物多样性保护生态功能区、水土流失重点防治区等敏感区,通过分析目前风电规划、建设在选址、生态环境破坏方面存在的问题,对广西陆上风电场开发建设、环境管理提出相关建议.建议对广西风能资源开发所取得环境经济效益进行全面评估,指导推进广西陆上风电场的开发建设.     

Effects of Artificial Roosts for Frugivorous Bats on Seed Dispersal in a Neotropical Forest Pasture Mosaic

Abstract:  In the Neotropics ongoing deforestation is producing open and heavily fragmented landscapes dominated by agriculture, mostly plantations and cattle pastures. After some time agriculture often becomes uneconomical and land is abandoned. Subsequent habitat regeneration may be slow because seed inputs are restricted by a lack of incentives—such as suitable roost sites—for seed dispersers to enter deforested areas. Increasing environmental awareness has fostered growing efforts to promote reforestation. Practical and cost-efficient methods for kick-starting forest regeneration are, however, lacking. We investigated whether artificial bat roosts for frugivorous bat species can attract these key seed dispersers to deforested areas, thereby increasing seed rain. We installed artificial bat roosts in a forest-pasture mosaic in the Costa Rican Atlantic lowlands and monitored bat colonization and seed dispersal. Colonization occurred within a few weeks of installation, and 10 species of bats occupied the artificial roosts. Five species of frugivorous or nectarivorous bats colonized artificial roosts permanently in both primary habitat and in deforested areas, in numbers similar to those found in natural roosts. Seed input around artificial roosts increased significantly. Sixty-nine different seed types, mostly of early-successional plant species, were transported by bats to artificial roosts in disturbed habitats. The installation of artificial bat roosts thus successfully attracted frugivorous bats and increased seed inputs into degraded sites. This method is likely to speed up early-vegetation succession, which in turn will attract additional seed dispersers, such as birds, and provide a microhabitat for seeds of mid- and late-successional plants. As well as supporting natural forest regeneration and bat conservation, this cost-efficient method can also increase environmental awareness among landowners.     

试论矿山环评中的生态恢复评价问题

矿山生态恢复是矿山环保对策中的一项技术较强的措施之一，它既有防治水土流失的功能，又有降解有毒污染的功能，并能产生较好的经济效益。但没有科学依据而盲目进行生态恢复，就有可能对环境和人类带来风险，为减少风险，在矿山开发前的环境影响评价中，就应对生态恢复这一措施进行评价，提出合理的恢复模式，为决策部门提供科学依据。     

流域生态系统管理研究

本文在对流域生态系统及生态系统管理的概念进行阐述的基础上 ,指出流域生态系统管理是流域开发和流域社会经济可持续发展的有效途径 ,并对流域生态系统管理中的热点问题进行了论述     

URBANIZATION INFLUENCES ON AQUATIC COMMUNITIES IN NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: Biotic indices and sediment trace element concentrations for 43 streams in northeastern Illinois (Chicago area) from the 1980s and 1990s were examined along an agricultural to urban land cover gradient to explore the relations among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, and urbanization. The Illinois fish Alternative Index of Biotic Integrity (AIBI) ranged from poor to excellent in agricultural/rural streams, but streams with more than 10 percent watershed urban land (about 500 people/mi²) had fair or poor index scores. A macroinvertebrate index (MBI) showed similar trends. A qualitative habitat index (PIBI) did not correlate to either urban indicator. The AIBI and MBI correlated with urban associated sediment trace element concentrations. Elevated copper concentrations in sediment occurred in streams with greater than 40 percent watershed urban land. The number of intolerant fish species and modified index of biotic integrity scores increased in some rural, urbanizing, and urban streams from the 1980s to 1990s, with the largest increases occurring in rural streams with loamy/sandy surficial deposits. However, smaller increases also occurred in urban streams with clayey surficial deposits and over 50 percent watershed urban land. These data illustrate the potentially complex spatial and temporal relations among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, watershed urban land, population density, and regional and local geologic setting.     

Interannual changes in the fauna of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta,Odonata) in the Southern Urals

Data on the abundance and occurrence of 64 odonate species in the Southern Urals are considered. A comparative analysis of the odonate fauna in the early 20th century, in the 1960s and 1970s, and in the early 21st century is performed. On this basis, it is concluded that its structure has been markedly changing with time, with the magnitude of these changes being comparable to that of regional faunistic differences. The causes of these changes are discussed. The apparent enrichment of the odonate fauna is attributed primarily to the appearance of new anthropogenic habitats.     

吉林市人工湿地生态环境规划的设想

人们把湿地称为＂地球之肾＂、天然水库和天然物种库。湿地作为重要的自然资源和生态环境,对促进可持续发展战略和保护人类生存环境具有重要意义。素有北国江城和化工城之称的吉林市近年来随着经济和化工产业的飞速发展,污水大量产生,不仅污染了松花江河道,还威胁着下游哈尔滨市和齐齐哈尔市居民的生活和生产安全。因此,治理污水,建设生态自然河道,保护地下水源,是当务之急。本文围绕在吉林市松花江下游段开发人工湿地生态环境问题进行讨论,旨在提出建设性设想,探讨可行性措施。本文认为：人工湿地生态环境的建成,将使水质得到很大程度的净化;同时保护湿地生态环境,开发旅游产品,推进旅游市场;增添城市水景观,提高城市品位;还可以使人们走出都市,回归大自然。