Levels of tin in core sediments along the Alexandria Coast, Egypt

Tin concentrations were determined in surface and core sediments from three hot spots along the Alexandria coast, namely: Abu-Qir Bay, Eastern Harbour, and Western Harbour. The mean concentrations in surface sediment were 2.434, 3.212, and 5.572 μg/g dry weight for Abu-Qir Bay, Eastern Harbour, and Western Harbour, respectively. A sharp decrease in tin level in core sediments with depth was observed in almost all locations except for core 4 in Abu-Qir Bay and core 17 in the Eastern Harbour, where the sub-sample at the 5 cm level recorded the highest tin concentrations.     

海洋现代沉积速率~（210）Pb－~（210）Bi法的射线测定研究

本文主要介绍了用~（２１０）Ｐｂ─~（２１０）Ｂｉ法测定海洋现代沉积速率和数据处理方法的研究。该方法测定的结果与~（２１０）Ｐｂ─~（２１０）Ｐｏ法和阴离子交换－ＥＤＴＡ纯化－硫酸钡镭沉淀－α计数法（简称~（２２６）Ｒａ法）以及厦门大学海洋系经研究改进的分离、纯化~（２１０）Ｐｂ的离子交换法的测定结果相当吻合。     

Endocrine disruption of water and sediment extracts in a non-radioactive dot blot/RNAse protection-assay using isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout

Goal, Scope and Background In order to evaluate the estrogenic activity of sediments and XAD water extracts of selected sites of the catchment area of the River Neckar, a river system in Southern Germany, an integrative assessment approach was used to assess the ecological hazard potential of endocrine-disrupting compounds in sediment and water. Methods The approach is based on estrogen receptor-mediated vitellogenin synthesis induced in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout and quantified in a non-radioactive dot blot/RNAse protection-assay in parallel to comprehensive chemical analyses of estrogenic substances. Results and Discussion Numerous investigated extracts revealed an estrogen activity comparable to that of the positive control (1 nM 17?-estradiol corresponding to 270 ng/L in the test medium). Based on a concentration factor of 30 in the extracts and a recovery of XAD resins of approximately 80 %, 17?-estradiol equivalent concentrations between 20 and 26.7 ng/L could be calculated downstream of a sewage treatment plant (< 0.1 ng/L for a reference site). A comparison of the bioassay-derived Bio-TEQs (toxicity equivalents) and the Chem-TEQs revealed a high correlation with a Pearson coefficient of 0.85, indicating that the same ranking of the samples could be obtained with respect to the endocrine disrupting potential with both chemical and bioanalytical analysis. However, the TEQ concentrations computed from chemical analyses were significantly lower than the bioassay-derived TEQ concentrations. In fact, in none of the samples, more than 14 % of the vitellogenin-inducing potency could be attributed to the substances (steroids, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol) analyzed. A comparison of the endocrine disrupting potential of sediments extracted by the solvents acetone and methanol revealed lower biological effects for acetone-extracted samples. Possible reasons may be a masking of endocrine effects in acetone extracts by cytotoxicity, a low extraction efficiency of the solvent acetone, or anti-estrogen potencies of some extracted sediment compounds. Using a mass balance approach, the contribution of the compounds analyzed chemically (Chem-TEQs) to the total endocrine activity (Bio-TEQs) was calculated. Based on the very low detection limits, particularly of the steroids with their high TEF factors, results revealed that a calculation of the Chem-TEQs is associated with considerable scale inaccuracy: Whereas only 7-15 % of the biological effectiveness (Bio-TEQs) could be explained by endocrine substances identified above the detection limits, the assumption of concentrations slightly below the given detection limits would result in a significant over estimation (137-197 %) of the Bio-TEQs. Even the interassay variation of the dot blot assay with different fish donors for primary hepatocyte (factor 2 - 2.5) is relatively low, when compared to the large range of the Chem-TEQ concentrations (factor 20) obtained when applying different modes of calculation. Conclusions and Outlook Overall, only a minor portion of the endocrine activity detected by bioassays could be linked to compounds identified by chemical analysis. In vitro assays for assessment of endocrine activities are useful as sensitive integrating methods that provide quantitative estimates of the total activity of particular receptor-mediated responses. Although discrepancies may also result from different bioanalytical approaches, it is overall likely that bioanalytical and not chemical analytical approaches give the correct estimate of endocrine disrupting potencies in environmental samples. As a conclusion, assessment of endocrine disruption based on chemical analysis alone does not appear sufficient and further research into the spectrum of substances with potential endocrine activity as well as into additive or even synergistic effects in complex environmental samples is urgently needed.     

青山水库底泥磷释放与库区水体磷浓度的关系

通过对青山水库底泥磷释放特性的实验结果分析,对照库区水体浓度监测的数据,确定了库区各测点底磷释放量与水体浓度之间的关系,进而为库区环境总量控制与各支流的分配计算提供了依据。同时也为防止水库的进一步富营养化,进而改善水质提供了新的思路。     

连云港海州湾海域表层水体和沉积物中微塑料的分布特征

近年来,微塑料成为国内外广泛关注的新型海洋污染物,海湾作为人类在海岸环境中的主要活动地区,一直是海洋污染物聚集地,但我国对近岸大部分中小型海湾环境中微塑料的分布状况仍鲜见报道.为了解我国近岸中小型海湾的微塑料污染特征,本研究以江苏省海州湾海域表层海水和沉积物中采集的微塑料为样本,通过定性和定量方法研究了表层水和沉积物中微塑料主要类型和丰度及空间分布特征.结果表明,海州湾表层水体和沉积物中的微塑料丰度分别为(2.60±1.40)个·m~(-3)和(0.33±0.26)个·g~(-1),在国内近岸环境(表层水0.33～545.00个·m~(-3),沉积物0.07～2.58个·g~(-1))中,海州湾表层水中的微塑料丰度处于较低水平,但沉积物中的微塑料处于较高水平.塑料污染物的粒径大小在水体中分布范围为0.08～13.48 mm,其中,微塑料(粒径5 mm)占91.8%,塑料污染物在沉积物中粒径的分布范围为0.04～14.74 mm,微塑料占91.4%,水体和沉积物中60%以上的微塑料粒径小于2.00 mm.海州湾海域微塑料的形态以纤维状为主,占92%;颜色以蓝色和黑色为主,占70%;材质以人造纤维和PET为主,占79.4%.表层水中微塑料的分布与悬浮物浓度分布具有显著的相关性(P0.05),沉积物中微塑料的分布受多方面因素影响,其分布规律与表层水中微塑料的分布以及沉积物中粒径的分布都具有较大差异性.通过对微塑料的形态特征以及成分组成的分析表明,海州湾的微塑料主要来源于海水养殖和沿岸陆源输入.     

Conversion of a Missouri River Dam and Reservoir to a Sustainable System: Sediment Management1

Abstract: A present and future challenge for water resources engineers is to extend the useful life of our dams and reservoirs. Ongoing reservoir sedimentation in impoundments must be addressed; sedimentation in many reservoirs already limits project benefits and effective project life. Sustainability requires that incoming sediment be moved downstream past the impounding dam. We use Lewis and Clark Lake, the most downstream of the six Missouri River main stem reservoirs, to demonstrate how a reservoir in advanced stages of its project life could be converted to a sustainable system with local benefits exceeding costs by a factor of 1.5. Full consideration of benefits would further enhance project justification. The proposed strategy involves four phases that will take about 50 years to complete. Cost estimates for this potential project range from the quantitative to the plausible, but it is clear that the results justify a full engineering, environmental, and economic study of this model project. If implemented, the project will create scientific knowledge and develop technologies useful for achieving sustainability at many other reservoirs in the Mississippi River basin and beyond.     

运河水中悬浮物和底泥上有机污染物的探查

利用ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＤＳ系统和保留指数,对运河（常州段）悬浮物和底泥上的有机污染物进行了概要分析。结果显示,该段河流的悬浮物和底泥上含有直链烷烃、多环芳烃、直链醛酮、烷基磺酸、苯酯类、邻苯二甲酸酯类、硝基联苯、二苯砜、醇类、羧酸类等有机污染物和致癌物。河流悬浮物和底泥上所鉴定出的有机污染物数量相当,浓度范围基本一致。同一段面底泥上的浓度稍高于悬浮物上的浓度;枯水期悬浮物上的浓度稍高于丰水期悬浮物上浓度     

人工河流沉积物中磷的分布特征及其形态研究：以肇兰新河为例

以黑龙江省肇兰新河流域为研究对象,在调查区域水质和沉积物基本理化性质的基础上,采用SMT化学提取方法分析流域内表层、柱状沉积物中磷形态及含量,明确了人工河流沉积物各形态磷的空间分布特征。结合上覆水与沉积物理化性质,探讨了影响人工河流沉积物磷形态及释放因素。结果表明,肇兰新河流域内水体TP均值为2.61 mg·L⁻¹,属于劣V类水体。沉积物的TP为692.91~2 197.87 mg·kg⁻¹,整体处于中度污染水平。沉积物中Fe/Al-P含量占比较高。通过相关性分析发现,上覆水中ORP是影响OP、Fe/Al-P迁移的重要环境因子,沉积物中TC、OM、Fe含量是影响OP含量的重要因素。作为一条典型人工河流,肇兰新河流域磷污染负荷严重,相比自然河流形态结构单一,缓冲能力和纳污能力较弱。本研究可为了解人工河流沉积物磷形态及其含量,并进行流域污染防控提供参考。     

废塑料再生企业排污河道沉积物酞酸酯污染特征与生态风险评价

为研究酞酸酯(PAEs)的环境行为及其生态风险,特选择有近30年废塑料处理历史的莱州市沙河镇珍珠河流域为研究对象,采集了26个0～10 cm表层沉积物样品与8个10～30 cm底层沉积物样品,采用GC-MS测试了被USEPA列为优先控制污染物的6种PAEs含量,分析其污染水平、空间分布、表层与底层沉积物中PAEs含量差异并进行生态风险评价.结果表明,表层沉积物中酞酸酯总含量(∑_6PAEs)范围为nd～39.36 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为10.42 mg·kg~(-1);DEHP含量范围为nd～35.90 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为9.46 mg·kg~(-1),占∑_6PAEs的90.8%.底层沉积物中酞酸酯总含量(∑_6PAEs)范围为nd～97.11 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为21.64 mg·kg~(-1);DEHP含量范围为nd～93.9 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为20.4 mg·kg~(-1),占∑_6PAEs的94.1%.底层沉积物中DEHP与DnOP的贡献率较表层高,但表层沉积物中各类PAEs及∑_6PAEs含量高于底层沉积物.在空间特征上,PAEs与废塑料处理产业集中区域密切相关,同时显示出与河道动力学相关的不均衡性.生态风险评价显示,该地PAEs污染具有较大的不可接受的生态风险.     

污染底泥修复研究探讨

文章概括介绍了污染底泥的修复技术及各自的特点,探讨了底泥修复中存在的问题及今后的发展趋势。目前底泥修复主要有物理修复、化学修复和生物修复三大类技术。物理修复见效快,但成本高;化学修复成本较低但易造成二次污染;生物修复投入低,处理量大,但处理效率低,难以见效。将这三类技术联合使用,取长补短,具有较广阔的发展前景。