青山水库底泥磷释放与库区水体磷浓度的关系

通过对青山水库底泥磷释放特性的实验结果分析,对照库区水体浓度监测的数据,确定了库区各测点底磷释放量与水体浓度之间的关系,进而为库区环境总量控制与各支流的分配计算提供了依据。同时也为防止水库的进一步富营养化,进而改善水质提供了新的思路。     

TURBIDITY SUSPENI)ED SEDIMENT,AND WATER CLARITY: A REVIEW1

ABSTRACT: Suspended sediment causes a range of environmental damage, including benthic smothering, irritation of fish gills, and transport of sorbed contaminants. Much of the impact, while sediment remains suspended, is related to its light attenuation, which reduces visual range in water and light availability for photosynthesis. Thus measurement of the optical attributes of suspended matter in many instances is more relevant than measurement of its mass concentration. Nephelometric turbidity, an index of light scattering by suspended particles, has been widely used as a simple, cheap, instrumental surrogate for suspended sediment, that also relates more directly than mass concentration to optical effects of suspended matter. However, turbidity is only a relative measure of scattering (versus arbitrary standards) that has no intrinsic environmental relevance until calibrated to a ‘proper’ scientific quantity. Visual clarity (measured as Secchi or black disc visibility) is a preferred optical quantity with immediate environmental relevance to aesthetics, contact recreation, and fish habitat. Contrary to common perception, visual clarity measurement is not particularly subjective and is more precise than turbidity measurement. Black disc visibility is inter‐convertible with beam attenuation, a fundamental optical quantity that can be monitored continuously by beam transmissometry. Visual clarity or beam attenuation should supplant nephelometric turbidity in many water quality applications, including environmental standards.     

香港汀角红树植物、沉积物及双壳类动物重金属含量

汀角有香港面积最大的硬底质红树林,作者调查了该红树林区沉积物、红树植物以及双壳类动物体内重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn和Ni)的含量.总体看,沉积物中重金属含量与其他地点相比较低,红树植物根际沉积物中重金属含量高于光滩.红树植物组织内重金属含量较低,体内Pb、Zn的含量均低于根际沉积物,但对Cu、Ni有一定的富集,Cu可在根部和叶内富集,而Ni只在根部富集,并束缚于此.双壳类动物对4种重金属的吸收存在较大差异,Zn、Cu的富集明显高于Pb和Ni的富集程度.5种动物中又以岩蠔最高,体内的Zn、Cu分别达到3913, 378mg/g.从重金属含量看,作为食用动物有一定的风险.     

小东江底泥中挥发酚的垂向分布研究

将沿小东江流域布点采集到的底泥样,根据其理化性质,从上到下分为A(0～10cm)、B(10～20cm)、C(20～35cm)、D(35～65cm)层,分析发现:挥发酚含量B>A>C>D层;A～D层挥发酚含量最高点分别对应的是细砂土、面砂土、砂粘土和面砂土.      

混凝沉淀—气浮—生化处理洗毛废水

采用混凝沉淀－气浮－生化处理洗毛废水。混凝沉淀－气浮在进水ＣＯＤ１４５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,处理水量２０００ｍ＾３／ｄ,ＣＯＤ去除率９０％;ＨＲＴ ３２ｈ生化处理时,出水ＣＯＤ为１８７ｍｇ／ｌ,可达到污水综合排放二级标准（洗毛行业）。     

AFTER THE 1993 FLOOD: A WATER AND SURFICIAL BED SEDIMENT QUALITY SCENARIO ON THE ILLINOIS AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RWERS1

ABSTRACT: Effects of the 1993 flood on river water and sediment quality were investigated using historical data and data collected from the Illinois River and Upper Mississippi River in a post‐flood period. Overall the post‐flood results showed systematic reductions and individual changes in the water and sediment constituents. The reductions in sediment metals and nutrients were most obvious at the Keokuk and Lock and Dam 26 stations. By analyzing and comparing the physical changes to the changes in water and sediment constituents at each station, it was found that physical processes such as sediment entrainment and, more importantly, the removal of fine sediment to be the main causes for the reduced concentrations in sediment constituents. On the other hand, sediment redistribution and associated secondary contamination could have caused the emergence of several water and sediment constituents that were undetected before the flood.     

东湖沉积物中微生物量与碳、氮、磷的相关性

对武汉东湖3个采样点柱状沉积物中总氮、总磷、总有机碳及微生物量的垂向分布进行了测定,并对生源要素与微生物量之间垂向分布的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,东湖柱状沉积物中总有机碳与总氮之间存在明显的同步变化趋势,其含量随着沉积物深度的增加而不断降低,处于纳污区的1号点的各种营养盐含量均显著高于其它各点.沉积物中的有机质有着明显的双重来源,1号点含有较高的陆源有机质成分,而远离排污口部分的2号和3号点的有机质来源则以水生生物为主.微生物量在沉积物表层最高,随着沉积物深度的增加而不断下降.微生物量与有机质含量之间存在极显著的相关性,但是受有机质来源不同的影响,微生物量与总氮、总磷之间仅在远离排污口部分存在极显著相关性.     

长荡湖底泥污染特征及水体富营养化状况

根据长荡湖底泥和水体实测资料,分析了底泥的污染及营养物质释放特征,发现底泥释放再悬浮产生的污染负荷占到入湖污染负荷总量的比例分别是:高锰酸盐指数为16%,TN为25%,TP为21%,是引起近年来长荡湖水体富营养化加剧的重要因素,特别是湖西区和湖南区达到富营养水平,湖心区水体含氮磷浓度也较往年有明显增大。为控制长荡湖底泥污染及水体富营养化的加剧,提出了长荡湖水环境保护的相关对策措施。     

淀山湖沉积物中重金属元素分布特征及其季节变化

分别于夏冬两季采集淀山湖表层柱状沉积物样品,分析了沉积物样品中Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr、Fe和Mn的总量分布特征,用Tess-ier连续提取法,系统地对沉积物中重金属元素的形态分布进行了研究,并初步探讨了重金属元素分布特征的季节变化的原因。结果表明:沉积物中Pb的总量存在季节变化;沉积物中Cd、Cu、Cr和Fe主要存在于残渣态中,但Pb的铁锰氧化物结合态与Cu的有机质-硫化物结合态均为各自的优势结合态;Mn主要以可交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态及残渣态存在;Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr、Fe和Mn各形态含量均存在季节变化,其总量及各形态含量的变化与温度、pH、Eh等有关。     

长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中营养元素的分布特征及其控制因素

对2003年6月采集的长江口及邻近海域的24个表层沉积物样品进行分析,分别得到C、N、P三种营养元素的三种形态的含量,并由此得到不同形态营养元素的平面分布及其在总量中所占的份额,即IC、IP为C、P的优势形态,而ON为N的优势形态。在此基础上,进一步分析了影响不同营养元素分布的因素,得出上覆水体的温度、沉积物粒度以及水动力条件等对沉积物中营养元素的分布具有重要影响。