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751.
非孤立街道峡谷大气流动及污染物扩散特征 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
实际城市街道皆为非孤立街道,采用数值模拟方法研究了等高与不等高非孤立街道峡谷的大气流动及汽车排放污染物扩散特征.通过与已有的风洞实验结果对比,发现二者较吻合,并且目标街道峡谷上下游建筑物的存在对目标峡谷内部的流场和浓度场有很大的影响.与孤立街道峡谷相比,非孤立街道峡谷中污染物的浓度要远高于孤立街道峡谷中污染物的浓度,而且随着上下游建筑物的增加,使到达目标街道峡谷的风速相对减弱,污染物在峡谷中难以扩散,造成了峡谷内部污染物浓度会随着峡谷数的增加而增大.并且发现不等高峡谷建筑物高度存在一个临界点. 相似文献
752.
753.
湿式烟气脱硫喷淋塔内部流场数值模拟研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以300MW机组湿法烟气脱硫喷淋塔为研究对象,利用计算流体力学通用软件对其内部两相流场进行模拟。气相湍流由标准k 模型描述,喷淋液滴由拉格朗日颗粒轨道模型描述。预测了无喷淋和有喷淋2种条件下的气相湍流流场分布、沿塔高方向不同截面上的气速分布以及喷淋液滴的轨迹。模拟结果表明,引入喷淋液后,出口截面气速分布明显均匀化,其最大值由无喷淋时的12m/s降至6m/s。该最大值出现在靠近塔壁处,是由塔壁附近喷淋密度较低造成的,可通过改进周边喷嘴的布置方式及喷嘴型式进行优化。 相似文献
754.
755.
多环芳烃室内土柱淋溶行为的CDE模型模拟 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
采用土柱淋溶实验方法对多环芳烃(PAHs)在人工污染士柱中表面活性剂淋溶下的运移进行了实验室研究,获得了示踪剂Br^-和PAHs的穿透曲线(BTCs);并通过室内批量平衡试验(PAHs和表面活性剂吸附试验和表面活性剂对PAHs吸附/解吸影响试验)获得了吸附系数,进而获得阻滞因子.基于这些实验室结果,通过CXTFIT2.1软件,用平衡CDE模型拟合了Br^-的BTCs,获得物理和水动力参数;并在此基础上应用CDE非平衡模型拟合PAHs在表面活性剂淋溶条件下土柱中的BTCs以及不同时刻、不同埋深处PAHs浓度的动态变化,预测了PAHs在土柱中的迁移趋势。 相似文献
756.
为解决辽宁某铁矿开采后地表沉陷问题,验证自研的复合激发尾砂胶结充填体充填效果,运用FLAC3D模拟软件对铁矿二步骤充填开采和地表沉陷进行数值模拟计算研究.研究结果表明:采用3种胶结充填体分别进行二步骤充填后,盐基、碱基、水泥基胶结充填体内部的应力平均值分别为0.92,0.79,0.93 MPa,最大位移值分别为38,2... 相似文献
757.
地下弹药库爆炸产生的地面空气冲击波的估算与数据值模拟 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
对某地下弹药库爆炸冲击波传播过程进行了较详细的分析和数值模拟,得到了弹药爆炸时地面空气冲击波的等效经验计算公式。两种方法得到的不同距离的冲击波超压值基本一致。 相似文献
758.
Genevieve Briand Eric C. Schuck David W. Holland 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(2):360-366
Abstract: For over 10 years, several species of salmon have been identified as either threatened or endangered in the Snake River Basin of Idaho. The United States Bureau of Reclamation, in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service, has proposed a variety of plans to increase stream flows in the Snake River Basin to facilitate movement by juvenile salmon smolts to the ocean. This research examines two of the flow augmentation plans proposed by the Bureau of Reclamation as well as two alternative plans, one founded purely on existing priority‐based water rights and another geared toward minimizing the effects of flow augmentations on farms profitability. Results from a basin‐wide model of agricultural production in the Snake River Basin, the Snake River Agricultural Model, present evidence that (1) older water rights are used towards production of less valuable crops, (2) flow augmentation scenarios have unequal effects on farms profitability across agricultural regions within the basin, and (3) irrigation water is valued from US$4 to US$59 an acre‐foot. 相似文献
759.
Zhi‐Jun Liu Donald E. Weller Thomas E. Jordan David L. Correll Kathleen B. Boomer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(3):700-723
Abstract: We present a simple modular landscape simulation model that is based on a watershed modeling framework in which different sets of processes occurring in a watershed can be simulated separately with different models. The model consists of three loosely coupled submodels: a rainfall‐runoff model (TOPMODEL) for runoff generation in a subwatershed, a nutrient model for estimation of nutrients from nonpoint sources in a subwatershed, and a stream network model for integration of point and nonpoint sources in the routing process. The model performance was evaluated using monitoring data in the watershed of the Patuxent River, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, from July 1997 through August 1999. Despite its simplicity, the landscape model predictions of streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads were as good as or better than those of the Hydrological Simulation Program‐Fortran model, one of the most widely used comprehensive watershed models. The landscape model was applied to predict discharges of water, sediment, silicate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, phosphate, and total phosphorus from the Patuxent watershed to its estuary. The predicted annual water discharge to the estuary was very close to the measured annual total in terms of percent errors for both years of the study period (≤2%). The model predictions for loads of nutrients were also good (20‐30%) or very good (<20%) with exceptions of sediment (40%), phosphate (36%), and organic carbon (53%) for Year 1. 相似文献
760.
Roberts DA Johnston EL Müller S Poore AG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):153-162
Epifaunal communities associated with macroalgae were exposed to storm water pulses using a custom made irrigation system. Treatments included Millipore freshwater, freshwater spiked with trace metals and seawater controls to allow for the relative importance of freshwater inundation, trace metals and increased flow to be determined. Experimental pulses created conditions similar to those that occur following real storm water events. Brief storm water pulses reduced the abundance of amphipods and gastropods. Freshwater was the causative agent as there were no additional effects of trace metals on the assemblages. Laboratory assays indicated that neither direct nor latent mortality was likely following experimental pulses and that epifauna readily avoid storm water. Indirect effects upon epifauna through salinity-induced changes to algal habitats were not found in field recolonisation experiments. Results demonstrate the importance of examining the effects of pulsed contaminants under realistic exposure conditions and the need to consider ecologically relevant endpoints. 相似文献