曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水的研究

曝气物滤池使用了新型的粒状填料,能同时发挥生物降解,过滤和吸附等多种功能。实验结果表明：曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水效果较好,当ＣＯＤ容积负荷为１０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,在０．８ｍ／ｈ、１．４ｍ／ｈ和２．５ｍ／ｈ３种不同水力负荷下ＣＯＤ的出水度分别在５９ｍｇ／Ｌ、８２ｍｇ／Ｌ和５１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下;     

硝基苯废水治理技术研究进展

综述了近年来硝基苯废水治理方法的研究进展．介绍了物理法、化学法和生物法在治理硝基苯废水中的不同作用，指出物化法与生物法相结合会成为根治硝基苯废水的理想方法。     

镉污染对生物有机体的危害及防治对策

镉污染是当今重金属污染中面积最广、危害最大的重金属元素之一，被称为“五毒之首”．由于镉污染毒理机制和生物效应的复杂性，对镉污染的研究一直是当前学术界的热点研究课题。本文对镉的环境行为和对生物有机体毒理机制与危害进行综合研究。并介绍目前镉污染修复的先进技术，并对具有应用前景的镉污染修复技术进行了探讨。     

东亚三角涡虫监测水体重金属污染的可行性研究

随着现代工、农业的快速发展,水体重金属污染已成为全球性的环境问题。对水体重金属污染的现状、来源、危害以及监测方法进行了介绍,并探讨了生物监测技术的优越性。在前人的研究基础上,结合本实验室工作,提出利用东亚三角涡虫(Dugesiaojapoice)作为水体重金属污染监测指示生物的可行性,并对更为灵敏的生物标志物的策略和实验方案进行了展望。     

水环境中重金属的生物毒性预测模型

简要介绍了近年来发展的几种金属生物毒性预测模型，如FIAM、GSIM和BLM等模型。金属与生物有效性和毒性之间的关系，是制定金属的水质标准的依据，随着对金属形态及其生物有效性和毒性关系研究的深入，产生了很多的机理描述模型。描述金属与生物作用的现存模型有多种，分别从多种角度解释了环境因素对金属形态分布及其生物毒性的影响，各模型在一定程度上可给出重金属的生物毒性信息，但都存在缺陷，不能完全替代毒性实验。建立合理的金属毒性预测模型，为建新的水质标准提供依据，正是国际环境界研究的热点。     

生物滴滤池法处理废气动力学模式研究

基于物料平衡和微生物降解废水中污染物的动力学模式,以丙酮、甲苯为处理对象提出了生物滴滤池处理废气的模式。当入口浓度C_(in)较低,小于临界浓度C_(crit),时,C=C_(in)EXP((-B/V_g)·H);当人口浓度C_(in)较高,大于临界浓度C_(crit)时,C=C_(in)-(K_0X/V_g)·H。研究表明,实验结果与模式计算结果吻合较好。     

化学沉淀法除磷和生物法除磷的比较

对化学沉淀法除磷和生物法除磷的机理作了较详细的阐述，并就两者在除磷效果，污泥产量，污泥处置，除磷费用方面进行了比较。结果表明，两种方法磷的去除率比较接近，总费用没有明显差别，其优点是，生物法除磷污泥产量少，而化学沉淀法除磷操作简便。     

The size distribution of airborne bacteria and human pathogenic bacteria in a commercial composting plant

•Bacterial concentrations from eight stages were 10⁴–10⁵copies/m³. •Diameter influenced clustering of bacterial and HPB lineages. •Dg of 8 HPB ranged from 2.42 to 5.09 μm in composting areas. •Dg of 8 HPB ranged from 3.70 to 8.96 μm in packaging areas. •HPB had high concentrations and small sizes in composting areas. Composting plants are regarded as one of the important sources of environmental bioaerosols. However, limitations in the size distribution of airborne bacteria have prevented our comprehensive understanding of their risk to human health and their dispersal behavior. In this study, different sizes of airborne bacteria were collected using an eight-stage impactor from a full-scale composting facility. Size-related abundance and communities of airborne bacteria as well as human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing coupled with droplet digital PCR. Our results indicate that the bacterial concentrations from the eight stages were approximately 10⁴–10⁵copies/m³. Although no statistical correlation was detected between the particle size and the Shannon index, the influence of size on bacterial lineages was observed in both composting and packaging areas. For airborne bacteria from different stages, the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and the dominant genera was Bacillus. Seven out of eight HPB with a small geometric mean aerodynamic diameter had a high concentration in composting areas. Based on diameters of 2.42 to 5.09 μm, most HPB in the composting areas were expected to be deposited on the bronchus and secondary bronchus. However, in the packaging areas, the deposition of HPB (diameters 3.70 to 8.96 μm) occurred in the upper part of the respiratory tract. Our results on the size distribution, abundance, and diversity of these bacteria offer important information for the systematic evaluation of bacterial pathogenicity and the potential health impacts on workers in composting plants and the surrounding residents.     

Quorum sensing regulation methods and their effects on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems: A review

• Quorum sensing enhancement and inhibition methods are summarized. • Effects of quorum sensing regulation on biofilm are reviewed. • Current knowledge gaps and research challenges are proposed. Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in microbial aggregation control. Recently, the optimization of biological waste treatment systems by QS regulation gained an increasing attention. The effects of QS regulation on treatment performances and biofilm were frequently investigated. To understand the state of art of QS regulation, this review summarizes the methods of QS enhancement and QS inhibition in biological waste treatment systems. Typical QS enhancement methods include adding exogenous QS molecules, adding QS accelerants and cultivating QS bacteria, while typical QS inhibition methods include additions of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria, QS-degrading enzymes, QS-degrading oxidants, and QS inhibitors. The specific improvements after applying these QS regulation methods in different treatment systems are concluded. In addition, the effects of QS regulation methods on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems are reviewed in terms of biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substances production, microbial viability, and microbial community. In the end, the knowledge gaps in current researches are analyzed, and the requirements for future study are suggested.     

Integrated energy view of wastewater treatment: A potential of electrochemical biodegradation

• Energy is needed to accelerate the biological wastewater treatment. • Electrical energy input in traditional technology is indirect and inefficient. • Direct injection of electricity can be a game changer to maximize energy efficiency. • Microbial electrochemical unit for decentralized wastewater treatment is proposed. It has been more than one century since the activated sludge process was invented. Despite its proven stability and reliability, the energy (especially the electrical energy) use in wastewater treatment should evolve to meet the increasingly urgent demand of energy efficiency. This paper discusses how the energy utilized in conventional biological wastewater treatment can be altered by switching the indirect energy input to a direct electricity injection, which is achieved by the electrode integration providing extra thermodynamic driving force to biodegradation. By using electrodes instead of oxygen as terminal electron acceptors, the electrical energy can be utilized more efficiently, and the key of direct use of electrical energy in biodegradation is the development of highly active electroactive biofilm and the increase of electron transfer between microbes and the electrode. Furthermore, the synergy of different microbial electrochemical units has additional benefit in energy and resource recovery, making wastewater treatment more sustainable.