生物视觉的研究

生物视觉是目前科学技术研究的热点之一。笔者通过对生物视觉形态学方面的深入研究 ,探讨了生物视觉产生、发展的结构与机制 ,尤其研讨了视觉通路的解剖结构、感受野分层等级假设、视觉信息的并行处理性质及视觉皮层间的反馈和整合作用等。同时还介绍了当前生物视觉方面的研究进展     

PAB在有机废水处理中的应用

综述了光合细菌独特的生理特性和其处理高浓度有机废水的原理,介绍了近年来国内外利用光合细菌处理有机废水的研究成果,并对光合细菌用于废水生物处理的前景及存在的问题进行了评述。     

丙烯酰胺生态毒理行为研究进展

丙烯酰胺(AM)是一种重要的化工产品,在不同领域均有广泛的应用,其生态毒理行为一直是人们关注的焦点.论文从AM的理化特性出发,概述了AM在生物体内的行为,探讨了AM对生物体的危害,分析了AM在环境中的归宿,提出了AM的预防措施,为今后AM的使用、治理及预防提供了一定的参考和依据.     

人工湿地基质磷吸附特性与其物理化学性质的关系

对9种垂直流人工湿地基质进行了对磷的等温吸附试验.结果表明,在溶液磷浓度为100～500mg/L条件下,9种基质中以草炭的吸附量为最高,达到2439.56mg/kg;砾石的吸附量最低,仅为188.67mg/kg;其余基质表现出高炉渣土>高炉渣>煤灰渣土>耕层土>煤灰渣>中粗砂土>中粗砂的规律.供试基质的容重和密度与磷吸附量呈极显著性负相关关系;基质的颗粒直径D₈₀和不均匀系数K₈₀与磷吸附量呈显著性正相关关系.基质的CEC、有机质、有效Fe和交换性Al的含量与磷吸附量呈极显著性正相关关系;pH值与磷吸附量呈极显著性负相关关系.     

水质对污水再生絮凝工艺中病原性原虫去除的影响

采用荧光微球模拟隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫(简称两虫),考察了有机物和颗粒物的浓度、组成等水质特性对污水再生处理絮凝工艺中两虫去除特性的影响.结果表明,腐殖酸浓度增加可提高水样中胶体浓度,从而提高对两虫的去除率;而酪氨酸虽然能改变胶体表面性质,但不参与絮凝过程,故对两虫的去除率无明显影响.水样初始浊度对两虫去除率影响较小;但水样中颗粒物的粒径分布,特别是1nm～100μm粒子的比例与对两虫去除效果间存在较好的相关关系.     

广州南沙地区湿地生态系统的特征分析

南沙地区是广州城市空间“南拓”发展战略的重点开发区域,南沙地区湿地资源丰富。南沙建设必须正确处理湿地开发与保护的关系,实现社会经济与生态环境协调发展。本文根据湿地资源调查结果,详细分析了南沙地区湿地生态系统的基本特征,为南沙开发建设中保护与合理利用湿地资源提供科学依据。     

膜生物法降解TNT弹药销毁废水的重要影响因素

采用水解酸化一好氧膜生物工艺对弹药销毁废水中TNT进行降解试验研究。结果表明,共代谢外加碳源对TNT的生物降解影响显著。无共代谢外加碳源的情况下,HRT=40h,TNT的去除率仅为53．4％。有共代谢外加碳源的情况下,外加碳源COD与TNT提供COD比值宜大于4．8,系统对TNT的去除率可高达99％。温度对水解酸化影响重大,当温度低于15℃时,水解酸化对TNT去除率低于33．3％,而当温度高于20℃时,水解酸化对TNT的去除率不小于83％。     

铬(Ⅵ)污染土壤生物还原解毒剂施用研究

为了探究Cr6+污染土壤生物还原解毒剂应用的可行性,利用不同浓度的Cr6+污染土壤开展生物还原解毒剂施用研究实验。结果表明:重度铬污染土壤施用生物还原解毒剂240d后,土壤浸出液中Cr6+浓度低于危险废物鉴别标准-浸出毒性鉴别标准所规定的限值;轻度铬污染土壤施用生物还原解毒剂60d后,土壤浸出液中Cr6+的浓度符合中华人民共和国地表水环境质量标准V级标准,说明用微生物法处理Cr6+污染土壤是切实可行的。     

Strictly protected areas are not necessarily more effective than areas in which multiple human uses are permitted

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies protected areas into six categories, ranging from strict nature reserves to areas where multiple human uses are permitted. In the past, many researchers have questioned the effectiveness of multiple-use areas, fueling an unresolved debate regarding their conservation value. The literature so far has been inconclusive: although several studies have found that strictly protected areas are more effective, others have found the opposite, and yet others that the two types do not differ. To help resolve this debate, we reviewed the literature on protected areas and conducted our own analysis using > 19 000 terrestrial protected areas worldwide. We found that the differences between strictly protected areas and areas in which multiple human uses are permitted are often small and not statistically significant. Although the effectiveness of protected areas worldwide varies, other factors, besides their assigned IUCN category, are likely to be driving this pattern.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01426-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal using thermal alkaline hydrolyzed municipal wastewater biosolids

This study reports the feasibility of using municipal wastewater biosolids as an alternative carbon source for biological phosphorus removal. The biosolids were treated by a lowtemperature, thermal alkaline hydrolysis process patented by Lystek International Inc.(Cambridge, ON, Canada) to produce short-chain volatile fatty acids and other readily biodegradable organics. Two sequencing batch reactors(SBRs) were operated with synthetic volatile fatty acids(Syn VFA) and readily biodegradable organics produced from the alkaline hydrolysis of municipal wastewater biosolids(Lystek) as the carbon source, respectively.Municipal wastewaters with different strengths and COD:N:P ratios were tested in the study. The reactors' performances were compared with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus removal. It was observed that phosphorus removal efficiencies were between 98%–99% and 90%–97% and nitrogen removal efficiencies were 78%–81%, and 67% for the Syn VFA and Lystek, respectively. However, the kinetics for phosphorus release and uptake during the anaerobic and aerobic stages with Lystek were observed to be significantly lower than Syn VFA due to the presence of higher order VFAs(C4 and above) and other fermentable organics in the Lystek.