生物接触氧化法处理有机废水的进展

本文综述了生物接触氧化法在固定化载体（填料），反应器及工艺等方面研究的新进展，重点介绍了极具推广价值的废水处理新工艺－－曝气生物滤池及新型陶瓷粒状填料。     

生物监测的意义,现状及展望

生物监测指利用生物个体，种群或群落对环境污染或变化所产生的反应阐明污染状况为环境质量的监测和评价提供依据。生物监测在国内外正受到越来越多的重视。我国应着重开展发挥生物监测和污染源排放监测中的先导作用，建立生物监测预警系统，研究生物监测与理化监测的关系、制定生物监测指标的环境标准等方面工作。     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺研究进展

本文阐述了城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺的发展过程,系统介绍了国内外各种污水生物脱氮除磷工艺,并对其进行了比较分析,对今后的发展趋势作了展望.     

消化污泥上清液碳源生物反硝化

挥发性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）是消化污泥上清液（ＤＳＳ）中主要的组分。ＤＳＳ是反硝化很好的碳源。在本试验条件下，ＤＳＳ碳源完全反硝化的临界值为１．７４ｍｇ ＤＳＳ－Ｃ／ｍｇＮＯ３－Ｎ。但是，ＤＳＳ中的ＴＫＮ除了很小一部分被用于同化合成外，其大部分进入反硝化系统后不发生任何变化并出水排放。     

超声波强化污水生物处理的可行性探讨

通过对超声波空化处理难降解有机废水机理和超声波辐射促进微生物活性作用机制的分析研究，提出将超声波应用于强化污水生物处理的可行性。同时设计了利用超声波空化反应单元作为污水生物处理的前处理工艺，提高污水的可生化性，和在生物处理反应器中直接进行超声波辐射提高生物处理能力的工艺。分析了超声波强化污水生物处理的影响因素，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

城市生活垃圾（MSW）厌氧消化处理研究

提出了城市生活垃圾的高固体含量厌氧消化处理方法并对此进行了研究。结果表明，城市生活垃圾的高固体含量厌氧消化处理是生活垃圾最好的处理方式之一，垃圾不仅可以得到即时即地的大量处理，最大限度地减少垃圾的污染，同时，还可以产生很好的经济效益和巨大的环境效益，这种垃圾处理方式值得应用和推广。     

难生化降解的印染废水处理新工艺（A／O^2）工程应用研究

某丝绒印染废水难生化降解，水质多变，ＣＯＤｃｒ，色度和ＳＳ分别为８１７－１９３０ｍｇ／Ｌ，２２９－８００倍和５４２－１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ．采用传统的生物接触氧化一气浮组合处理工艺系统，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ和色度分别在４００ｍｇ／Ｌ和２００位以上，远不能达国家污水排放标准，应用缺氧／二级好氧废水处理新工艺对原生化系统进行改造后，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ，色度和ＳＳ分别小于６９ｍｇ／Ｌ，４０倍和１７ｍｇ／Ｌ．达国家太湖流     

活性炭改性研究进展

本文从表面结构特性、表面化学性质和电化学性质 3个方面叙述了国内外在活性炭改性方面的研究进展。表面结构特性改性主要是从增大比表面积和控制孔径分布两方面展开 ,从而增大吸附量 ;表面化学性质改性主要是通过氧化还原改变表面含氧酸性、碱性基团的相对含量以及负载金属改性 ,从而改变对极性、极性较弱或非极性物质的吸附能力 ;电化学性质改性主要是通过加微电场改变活性炭表面的带电性和由此而产生的化学性质的变化 ,从而改变吸附性能。最后 ,本文还从活性炭的吸附性质方面 ,客观地提出了今后发展方向     

Biological remediation of explosives and related nitroaromatic compounds

Nitroaromatics form an important group of recalcitrant xenobiotics. Only few aromatic compounds, bearing one nitro group as a substituent of the aromatic ring, are produced as secondary metabolites by microorganisms. The majority of nitroaromatic compounds in the biosphere are industrial chemicals such as explosives, dyes, polyurethane foams, herbicides, insecticides and solvents. These compounds are generally recalcitrant to biological treatment and remain in the biosphere, where they constitute a source of pollution due to both toxic and mutagenic effects on humans, fish, algae and microorganisms. However, relatively few microorganisms have been described as being able to use nitroaromatic compounds as nitrogen and/or carbon and energy source. The best-known nitroaromatic compound is the explosive TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). This article reviews the bioremediation strategies for TNT-contaminated soil and water. It comes to the following conclusion: The optimal remediation strategy for nitroaromatic compounds depends on many site-specific factors. Composting and the use of reactor systems lend themselves to treating soils contaminated with high levels of explosives (e.g. at former ammunition production facilities, where areas with a high contamination level are common). Compared to composting systems, bioreactors have the major advantage of a short treatment time, but the disadvantage of being more labour intensive and more expensive. Studies indicate that biological treatment systems, which are based on the activity of the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium or on Pseudomonas sp. ST53, might be used as effective methods for the remediation of highly contaminated soil and water. Phytoremediation, although not widely used now, has the potential to become an important strategy for the remediation of soil and water contaminated with explosives. It is best suited where contaminant levels are low (e.g. at military sites where pollution is rather diffuse) and where larger contaminated surfaces or volumes have to be treated. In addition, phytoremediation can be used as a polishing method after other remediation treatments, such as composting or bioslurry, have taken place. This in-situ treatment method has the advantage of lower treatment costs, but has the disadvantage of a considerable longer treatment time. In order to improve the cost-efficiency, phytoremediation of nitroaromatics (and other organic xenobiotics) could be combined with bio-energy production. This requires, however, detailed knowledge on the fate of the contaminants in the plants as well as the development of efficient treatment methods for the contaminated biomass that minimise the spreading of the contaminants into the environment during post harvest treatment.     

煤无烟燃烧锅炉炉内燃烧特性分析

对一台所设计的DZL1.0-0.7-AⅢ煤无烟燃烧锅炉炉内燃烧特性进行了数值模拟.对床层反应,采用了基于热力学平衡法的"黑箱模型",而对于床层上方炉膛空间内的气相湍流燃烧则采用了标准k-ε模型、旋涡消散模型和离散坐标模型.采用非结构化四面体网格生成技术处理复杂炉膛几何空间的网格生成.通过数值模拟,得到炉内速度场,温度场,浓度场等参数的分布特性.结果表明:"多孔分层错列撞击流式"二次风的引入对于改变炉内流动和燃烧特性,加强炉内烟气和空气的混合,强化燃烧及实现炉内消烟除尘具有重要的作用.