石化污水深度处理回用工程实例

采用生物曝气滤池＋超滤的方式对石化企业外排污水进行深度处理，以达到回用于循环冷却水系统的目的。阐述了生物曝气滤池及超滤的主要工艺特点和主要工艺流程，并分析了项目实施后取得的经济效益及环境效益。     

壳聚糖与甲壳素对废水生物处理的强化作用研究

将壳聚糖溶液和甲壳素固体应用于SBR生物反应器处理有机废水。通过平行实验，对多项污染指标进行比较，证实了壳聚糖和甲壳素对废水生物处理的强化作用。研究还表明，壳聚糖与甲壳素强化生物处理的作用原理不同，壳聚糖是通过改善污泥的菌胶团结构强化生物处理，而甲壳素是作为微生物的生长载体强化生物处理。     

Study on the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal from municipal wastewater

In this study, landfill leachate with and without pre-treatment was co-treated with municipal wastewater at different mixing ratios. The leachate pre-treatment was achieved by air stripping to removal ammonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal of the wastewater treatment process. It was demonstrated that when landfill leachate was co-treated with municipal wastewater, the high ammonia concentration in the leachate did not have a negative impact on the nitrification. The system was able to adapt to the environment and was able to improve nitrification capacity. The readily biodegradable portion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the leachate was utilized by the system to improve phosphorus and nitrate removal. However, this portion was small and majority of the COD ended up in the effluent thereby decreased the quality of the effluent. The study showed that the 2.5% mixing ratio of leachate with wastewater improved the overall biological nutrient removal process of the system without compromising the COD removal efficiency.     

Behavioural toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to waterborne zinc and chromium(VI)

This study is to investigate the behavioural responses of zebrafish to the toxic effects of waterborne zinc and chromium(VI). Swimming performance of fish was tracked by a real-time toxicity bio-monitoring system and transformed into data to calculate individual and fish school behavioural endpoints. Behavioural responses under metals were in accordance with the Stepwise Behavioural Response model. Significant and concentration-dependent effects on swimming speed and turning times were found at concentrations equal to or higher than 3.5 mg L^-1 for zinc and 0.7 mg L^-1 for chromium. Swimming height significantly declined in concentrations equal to or higher than 3.5 mg L^-1 under zinc exposure, while for the chromium treatment, it significantly increased in lower concentration exposures and decreased in higher concentration exposures. Average distance and dispersion of fish school decreased at the beginning but there were no obvious changes during the whole exposure period. Behavioural responses under metal exposures were time-dependent: avoidance (increased speed and turning times and decreased average distance and dispersion) might be the first response and followed by height changes. Changes in behavioural endpoints ‘swimming speed and height’ can be used as early stress responses for acute aquatic metal contamination as part of ecological risk assessment.     

Experimental and life cycle assessment analysis of gas emission from mechanically–biologically pretreated waste in a landfill with energy recovery

The global gaseous emissions produced by landfilling the Mechanically Sorted Organic Fraction (MSOF) with different weeks of Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) was evaluated for an existing waste management system. One MBT facility and a landfill with internal combustion engines fuelled by the landfill gas for electrical energy production operate in the waste management system considered. An experimental apparatus was used to simulate 0, 4, 8 and 16 weeks of aerobic stabilization and the consequent biogas potential (Nl/kg) of a large sample of MSOF withdrawn from the full-scale MBT. Stabilization achieved by the waste was evaluated by dynamic oxygen uptake and fermentation tests. Good correlation coefficients (R²), ranging from 0.7668 to 0.9772, were found between oxygen uptake, fermentation and anaerobic test values. On the basis of the results of several anaerobic tests, the methane production rate k (year^?1) was evaluated. k ranged from 0.436 to 0.308 year^?1 and the bio-methane potential from 37 to 12 N m³/tonne, respectively, for the MSOF with 0 and 16 weeks of treatment. Energy recovery from landfill gas ranged from about 11 to 90 kW h per tonne of disposed MSOF depending on the different scenario investigated. Life cycle analysis showed that the scenario with 0 weeks of pre-treatment has the highest weighted global impact even if opposite results were obtained with respect to the single impact criteria. MSOF pre-treatment periods longer than 4 weeks showed rather negligible variation in the global impact of system emissions.     

酱油污水污泥脱水的影响因素及其作用机理

为提高酱油污水污泥的脱水性能及絮凝剂的利用率,降低污泥的处理成本,实验考察了酱油污水污泥的含水率、丝状菌、厌氧时间和pH等对污泥脱水性能的影响,明确对其进行机械脱水的适宜条件.结果表明:机械脱水前浓缩污泥适宜的含水率为97%,此时,调质后的污泥有最低的比阻和最高的药剂利用率,最佳用药量与干泥的质量比小于0.3%;丝状菌的数量和长度可以影响污水污泥中水分的存在形式,并改变污泥的脱水性能;在厌氧过程中,污泥的ρ(还原糖)和污泥脱水性能有较强的相关性;当pH接近污泥的等电点时,污泥的比阻变小.      

生物铁-接触氧化组合技术处理抗生素制药废水

采用生物铁-接触氧化组合技术,研究各单元工艺和组合工艺的处理抗生素制药废水的效果、最佳控制参数和操作条件。结果表明,其CODCr去除率可超过90％,经处理后的出水可达到工厂回用水的水质要求,是处理抗生素制药废水行之有效的方法。     

GC-MS法对垃圾渗滤液生物处理前后微量有机物的研究

运用GC—MS联用技术对吴江市生活垃圾填埋场的渗滤液及生物处理曝气池出水中的微量有机物进行了检测,测得进水主要有机污染物53种,出水主要有机污染物55种。微量有机物总去除率与CODCr去除率相近。     

浮游球衣菌对Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的吸附性能研究

研究了浮游球衣菌（Sphaerotilus natans）在不同吸附条件下对溶液中Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的吸附规律。结果表明,Sphaerotilus natans对这4种重金属离子均有一定的吸附作用,并在20min内达到吸附平衡,pH对吸附过程影响较大,pH为5.5时Sphaerotilus natans对这4种金属离子的吸附效果最好,Sphaerotilus natans对它们的吸附选择性为Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cd^2＋,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋能部分置换出已被菌体吸附的Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋。HCI和EDTA溶液可有效地将金属离子从菌体上解吸下来,解吸后的菌体可重复使用。     

镉对5种常绿树木若干生理生化特性的影响

研究了5种常绿树木对镉污染胁迫的反应,实验结果表明,在高浓度镉胁迫下,5种树木叶片的叶绿素含量、细胞质膜透性、过氧化氢酶活性及镉富集量等生理生化特性均产生明显变化,但变化不尽一致。其中,黄杨、海桐,杉木抗镉污染能力优于香樟和冬青。