“复合型人工湿地”对造纸废水深度处理的研究

制浆造纸废水的成分很复杂,深度处理的难度较大,现有的,物理化学法虽具有治理快、处理效果好等优点,但运行费用和维护费用都较高。采用"复合型人工湿地"既机械曝气+人工湿地+生物墙技术,进行深度处理可取得良好的处理效果,并且运行费用低。     

Determination of time- and size-dependent fine particle emission with varied oil heating in an experimental kitchen

Particulate matter(PM) from cooking has caused seriously indoor air pollutant and aroused risk to human health.It is urged to get deep knowledge of their spatial-temporal distribution of source emission characteristics,especially ultrafine particles(UFP 100 nm) and accumulation mode particles(AMP 100-555 nm).Four commercial cooking oils are auto dipped water to simulate cooking fume under heating to 255℃ to investigate PM emission and decay features between 0.03 and 10 μm size dimension by electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI) without ventilation.Rapeseed and sunflower produced high PM_(2.5) around5.1 mg/m~3,in comparison with those of soybean and corn(5.87 and 4.55 mg/m~3,respectively)at peak emission time between 340 and 450 sec since heating oil,but with the same level of particle numbers 6-9 × 10~5/cm~3.Mean values of PM_(1.0)/PM_(2.5) and PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) at peak emission time are around 0.51-0.55 and 0.23-0.29.After 15 min naturally deposition,decay rates of PM_(1.0),PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) are 13.3%-29.8%,20.1%-33.9%and 41.2%-54.7%,which manifest that PM_(1.0) is quite hard to decay than larger particles,PM_(2.5) and PM_(1.0).The majority of the particle emission locates at 43 nm with the largest decay rate at 75%,and shifts to a larger size between137 and 555 nm after 15 min decay.The decay rates of the particles are sensitive to the oil type.     

Phylogeny of Collembola based on cuticular compounds:inherent usefulness and limitation of a character type

The phylogeny of Collembola, originally discussed from a morphological point of view, has more recently benefited from novel insights brought by molecular analyses. Both morphological and molecular characters produced a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis including all orders, most families, and a large number of genera. However, several conflicting points exist between molecular and morphological data, and new characters are clearly needed to resolve these inconsistencies. In this study the usefulness of a new character type not previously used in the phylogenetic study of Collembola was tested: the epicuticular chemical compounds. Our phylogenetic analysis was based on 380 compounds from 26 Collembola species. The results show good resolution for terminal branches but not for internal nodes. This is probably due to the partial involvement of epicuticular lipids in ecological functions such as water conservation and sexual attraction. Thus, this character type is appropriate for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships among recently diversified groups. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

烟道气生物脱硫技术研究进展

随着环境生物技术的不断发展,烟道气生物脱硫技术越来越受到人们的广泛关注。综述了近年来烟道气生物法脱硫与资源化的研究进展,指出了主要优势技术各自存在的问题,并对未来发展提出了建议。     

曝气生物滤池应用于封闭循环海水养殖系统的试验研究

曝气生物滤池是封闭循环海水养殖系统的核心设备。现以封闭循环海水养殖系统中的曝气生物滤池为试验研究对象,考察了曝气生物滤池的挂膜过程及NH3-N初始质量浓度、循环流速、溶解氧（D0）、循环时间及温度对NH3-N去除效果的影响。试验表明,该曝气生物滤池的生物膜成熟快,当曝气生物滤池在正常养殖状态时．水的循环流速为130L／h可达到NH3-N最大去除率;水的循环流速为80IA可应对高浓度NH3-N负荷。在污水DO质量浓度为7．0mg／L,温度为34℃时,滤池有最大的NH3-N去除率。     

生物入侵预测模型研究进展

生物入侵随着全球化进程有进一步加剧的趋势,外来物种已经被视为对本地生物多样性和生态系统功能产生全球威胁的因素之一。生物入侵的影响巨大,开展预测工作以便在一开始就发现并阻止外来种侵入,为生物入侵提供最优化的监测和早期控制手段。为此,本文从环境的可侵入性和外来种的入侵性两个方面综述了目前生物入侵预测模型的研究进展,以便为外来种引入和管理提供依据。     

曝气生物滤池处理效能影响因素及其动力学模型的实验研究

设计正交实验,研究不同气水比、水力负荷、pH值对CODo,SS,氨氮去除率的影响,以及COD负荷、氨氮负荷对COD、氨氮去除率的影响。研究发现：气水比、水力负荷、pH值3个因素对CODQ,SS,氨氮去除率的影响的主次关系为：水力负荷〉气水比〉pH值,且在水力负荷为0．5m/h、V（气）：V（水）=3：1,pH值为6～8时COD0,SS,氨氮去除达到最佳水平。COD容积负荷小于15kg/（m3．d）时,COD负荷的变化对COD去除率影响较小,去除率随着进水COD负荷的提高缓慢下降;相比之下,随着COD容积负荷的增加,氨氮去除率呈明显的下降趋势。实验得出：在设定实验条件下,BAF的动力学模型可表示为：lnC/C0=-60.9A/QC0^0.183.     

浅谈齐齐哈尔市大气环境污染特征及其防治对策

齐齐哈尔市城区大气环境污染物主要为降尘、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、SO2、NO2。其中降尘、PM10为首要污染物,降尘、PM10污染源来自煤烟尘、城市扬尘、机动车尾气尘等方面,属于复合污染类型,同时,人为活动所形成的二次扬尘正成为城市颗粒物污染的主要来源。因此,控制城区大气污染必须采取综合措施。     

污水除磷脱氮中几个关键问题及研究方向的探讨

对高负荷条件下硝化反应和聚磷茵有效除磷进行了探讨;介绍了脱氮除磷过程中互相矛盾的几个主要因素：并针对环境条件、碳源需求以及对反硝化聚磷的诱导与控制等领域内的研究方向进行了综述。