A Proposed Aquatic Plant Community Biotic Index for Wisconsin Lakes

The Aquatic Macrophyte Community Index (AMCI) is a multipurpose tool developed to assess the biological quality of aquatic plant communities in lakes. It can be used to specifically analyze aquatic plant communities or as part of a multimetric system to assess overall lake quality for regulatory, planning, management, educational, or research purposes. The components of the index are maximum depth of plant growth; percentage of the littoral zone vegetated; Simpson's diversity index; the relative frequencies of submersed, sensitive, and exotic species; and taxa number. Each parameter was scaled based on data distributions from a statewide database, and scaled values were totaled for the AMCI value. AMCI values were grouped and tested by ecoregion and lake type (natural lakes and impoundments) to define quality on a regional basis. This analysis suggested that aquatic plant communities are divided into four groups: (1) Northern Lakes and Forests lakes and impoundments, (2) North-Central Hardwood Forests lakes and impoundments, (3) Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains lakes, and (4) Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains impoundments, Driftless Area Lakes, and Mississippi River Backwater lakes. AMCI values decline from group 1 to group 4 and reflect general water quality and human use trends in Wisconsin. The upper quartile of AMCI values in any region are the highest quality or benchmark plant communities. The interquartile range consists of normally impacted communities for the region and the lower quartile contains severely impacted or degraded plant communities. When AMCI values were applied to case studies, the values reflected known impacts to the lakes. However, quality criteria cannot be used uncritically, especially in lakes that initially have low nutrient levels.     

铜对大麦(Hordeum vulgare)的急性毒性预测模型——生物配体模型

采用水堵的方法研究了Ca2 、Mg2 、K2 、Na2 和pH对大麦铜急性毒性的影响程度,并建立了一种用于预测铜对大麦急性毒性的生物配体模型(BLM).结果表明,高活度Mg2 (1.21 mmol·L-1和1.65 mmol·L-1)显著增加了大麦根伸长的半抑制浓度EC50(Cu2 )(以自由Cu2 活度表示),而Ca2 、K2 、Na2 对EC50(Cu2 )的影响没有达到显著水平.培养液中铜的形态分析和相关分析表明,pH值通过改变羟基铜(CuOH )的含量而影响铜的毒性.根据生物配体模型理论,估计了Cu2 、Mg2 、CuOH 和生物配体的络合平衡常数,分别为LogKCuBL=6.57,logKCuOHBL=7.03,logKHgBL=3.00.在此基础上通过计算得出,当50%的大麦根伸长被抑制时需络合66%的生物配体位点,利用上述参数建立的生物配体模型预测的EC50在实测值的2倍范围之内,远远低于仅考虑自由Cu2 毒性的12倍预测范围.结果说明,考虑了Mg2 竞争和CuOH 毒性建立的生物配体模型能够准确地预测铜对大麦的急性毒性.     

不同土地利用对溪流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落的影响

2010年4月调查了钱塘江中游区域29个样点的水环境特征和底栖动物。聚类排序将样点分为参照、农业和城镇3组,相似性分析表明不同组间底栖动物群落有显著差异(r=0.863,P=0.001)。环境因子的主成分分析表明,研究区域主要的环境胁迫是农业和城镇用地及其引起的水质变化,并能较好解释组间物种差异的关键环境胁迫因子为农业用地比例、城镇用地比例、溶解氧、总氮和平均底质得分(Rho=0.568,P=0.001)。底栖动物参数(总分类单元数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、BI指数和丰富度指数)和k-优势度曲线显示农业和城镇组的生物完整性遭到很大程度的破坏,且农业组较城镇组严重。