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Summary. We investigated the hypothesis that aggregation signals produced by male webbing clothes moths (WCM), Tineola bisselliella (Hum.) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), and close-range male attractant signals produced by females have a pheromonal basis, at least
in part. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric analyses of bioactive methanolic
extracts of male WCM disclosed three candidate pheromone components: hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (16:Ester), (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester (Z9—16:Ester), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (18:Ester). In bioassay experiments in a large Plexiglas™ arena, a blend of
synthetic 16:Ester plus Z9—16:Ester was attractive to male and virgin (but not mated) female WCM; the 18:Ester was inactive.
GC-EAD analyses of pheromone gland extracts from female WCM revealed (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienal (E2Z13—18:Ald) and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol (E2Z13—18:OH) as candidate sex pheromone components. In arena bioassay experiments, 1—5 female equivalents of synthetic E2Z13—18:Ald (0.2 ng) and E2Z13—18:OH (0.1 ng) were more attractive to male WCM than were two virgin female WCM. We anticipate that the combination of
aggregation and sex pheromones, male-produced sonic aggregation signals, and habitat-derived semiochemicals will be highly
effective in attracting male and female WCM to commercial traps.
Received 12 January 2001; accepted 8 June 2001. 相似文献
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Queen control of egg fertilization in the honey bee 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The study investigated the precision with which honey bee queens can control the fertilization of the eggs they lay. Because
males and workers are reared in different-sized cells, the honey bee is one of the few Hymenoptera in which it is possible
for the experimenter to know which type of egg a queen “intends” to lay. Eggs were collected from both worker and drone (male)
cells from four honey bee colonies. Ploidy of the embryo was determined using polymorphic DNA microsatellites. All 169 eggs
taken from worker cells were heterozygous at at least one microsatellite locus showing that the egg was fertilized. All 129
eggs taken from drone cells gave a single band at the B124 locus, strongly suggesting haploidy. These data show that honey
bee queens have great, and quite possibly complete, ability to control the fertilization of the eggs they lay. Data from the
literature suggest that in two species of parasitoid Hymenoptera (Copidosoma floridanum, Colpoclypeus florus) females have great, but not complete, ability to control fertilization.
Received: 23 December 1997 / Accepted after revision: 17 May 1998 相似文献
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Alyre G. Chiasson 《Chemistry and Ecology》1991,5(4):227-240
The ratios of rubidium to caesium were investigated in juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and benthic and limnetic sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) as a means of separating zooplankton consumers from benthic prey consumers. Only benthic and limnetic sticklebacks had Rb to Cs ratios that were influenced by diet. Ratios were higher in limnetic stickleback whose diet consists mainly of zooplankton compared with benthic stickleback which consume benthic prey. Ratios in juvenile sockeye appeared to be influenced by the concentrations of rubidium and caesium in the egg yolk during the early period of growth. in three-spine stickleback that inhabited both the littoral and limnetic zone of the same lake, results suggested that fish must occupy each area for several months before rubidium to caesium ratios in tissues reflect concentrations in prey. 相似文献
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为提高分子筛吸附氨氮的能力,采用碱蚀法对4种不同硅铝比ZSM5型分子筛进行脱硅处理,对比了脱硅前后吸附氨氮性能的差异;结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜等分析手段观察了其孔隙与晶体结构、表面形貌的变化,同时借助X射线荧光光谱、傅里叶红外光谱等表征手段分析了其内部元素组成与骨架基团的变化;考察了分子筛脱硅处理对改善其吸附氨氮性能的影响机制.结果表明,分子筛经脱硅后氨氮吸附量大幅提高,硅铝比越大吸附氨氮性能改善越显著,其中,硅铝比最小的ZSM5-27型分子筛脱硅后的氨氮平衡吸附量由5.81mg/g上升至10.44mg/g,上升幅度亦达79.7%;碱蚀脱硅处理有效降低了ZSM5型分子筛的硅铝比,分子筛硅铝比越大降低越显著.分子筛脱硅后,其介孔比表面积与比孔容增加、孔径分布变得宽泛;晶体结构仍保持完整、晶粒形态变得更加清晰规整;离子交换容量增加、硅/铝氧四面体结构单元作用增强.碱蚀法对ZSM5型分子筛具有骨架脱硅补铝、疏通孔道等多重作用,脱硅后分子筛活性位点增加、氨离子扩散阻力下降,吸附性能得到改善. 相似文献
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基于兰州市大气VOCs排放清单,选取石化厂、乙烯厂、涂料厂3个典型企业采集VOCs样品,分析其无组织排放特征,并采用MIR(最大增量反应活性)法和LOH(·OH反应速率)法综合评价其化学反应活性,识别各企业的VOCs活性优势物种,同时探究不同企业特征VOCs比值.结果表明:不同排放源φ(VOCs)差异较大,范围为20.8×10-9~6 520.3×10-9.从VOCs物种构成上来看,涂料厂芳香烃占比最高,而石化厂、乙烯厂均以烷烃物种最为丰富,石化厂不同工艺VOCs物种构成略有差异.从活性上看,涂料厂VOCs活性最高,其LOH和OFP(臭氧生成潜势)分别为2 676.9 s-1和72 519.0×10-9,约为其他行业的18~1 000倍,间/对-二甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯等物种活性较大;其次为石化厂,其LOH和OFP分别为273.2 s-1和4 039.1×10-9,正戊烷、异戊烷、乙烯、丙烯等物种活性贡献率高,其中柴油工艺对石化厂VOCs活性贡献率最大;乙烯厂的OFP最低,其LOH和OFP分别为4.6 s-1和69.7×10-9,其VOCs活性主要来自乙烯、丙烯、正丁烯等烯烃物种.各工业源BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯及3种二甲苯异构体的合称)分布具有一定的差异,对于指示不同VOCs来源有一定的参考价值,但不同源比值的重叠性也表明并非全部VOCs来源可以通过特征物种比值来区分.研究显示,控制工业源特别是涂料与石化工业VOCs的排放有助于控制兰州市O3的生成. 相似文献