蜡染印花工艺废水处理设计及运行

设计运行了整个蜡染印花废水处理工程,皂化脱蜡废水松香回收新工艺,即采用两步调pH法-周边自重力进水法,回收率可达98%以上;机械洗蜡废水分流后经双级气浮处理,蜡回收率和处理水回用率可达90%以上;洗蜡废水经蜡回收后出水与其他废水混合后经初级混凝沉淀-水解酸化-好氧生化(A/O工艺)-辐流沉淀组合工艺处理,出水ρ(COD)均值约为130 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为3.36 mg/L,然后进入市政管网进行深度处理。     

污水生物脱氮除磷工艺的现状与发展

阐述了污水生物脱氮除磷的机理,并按空间和时间顺序介绍了一些经典的脱氮除磷工艺,对其发展趋势作了展望。通过对除磷机理及工艺的介绍和分析,提出应加深对生物除磷机理的研究,从微生物的角度进行工艺调控。     

洗浴用小型锅炉的测试与评价

经过多次对煤炭气化高温蒸汽锅炉、型煤锅炉、常压反烧锅炉和蒸汽锅炉等洗浴用小锅炉的测试、分析与评价,确认煤炭气化高温蒸汽锅炉的节能环保指标都比其他锅炉具有显著的优越性。它可以在常压下产生150℃的高温蒸汽,燃烧散煤时其排放的SO2和烟尘都达到国家一级排放标准,锅炉平均热效率可达78.05%,比同吨位的常压热水锅炉和蒸汽锅炉节能30%,比型煤锅炉节能约50%,比燃油锅炉、燃气锅炉、电锅炉节能约60%以上。     

浅析阳西县饮用水源地陂底水库的水质及管理状况

本文介绍了阳西县饮用水源地陂底水库的水质现状及污染来源,描述了水库的管理现状,并提出了处理对策。     

活性炭对两种生物染料脱色效果的实验研究

以颗粒状活性炭为吸附载体,对两种单体生物染料进行脱色吸附实验研究。通过实验确定出最佳优化条件：活性炭用量80g/L,溶液pH值约为5、5,溶液最佳温度为35℃,搅拌速度为150rpm／min,此时染料脱色率可达98％以上;在几种条件实验过程中,将两种染料进行对比发现：红色染料脱色率一般都比绿色染料脱色率高,而且前者一般比后者反应较敏感。同时,从活性炭的表面结构方面探讨吸附脱色机理,为活性炭深度处理印染废水的研究可提供一定的科学依据。     

Analyzing and quantitatively evaluating the organic matter source at different ecologic zones of tidal salt marsh,North Jiangsu Province, China

In order to explore the effect of different ecological zones and their above plants in the organic matter cycling of the whole tidal salt marsh, indicators such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of surface, core sediments, and plants of tidal salt marshes in North Jiangsu Province are analyzed. Subsequently, distribution regularities of these measurement indicators are discussed, and the biogeochemistry processes between sediments and plants are also analyzed. Lastly, the organic matter sources of different ecologic zones in tidal salt marsh are evaluated, and the organic matter accumulations in different ecologic zones induced by their plants are also compared. These results indicate that TOC, TN, C/N ratio and δ¹³C showed obvious zonal distribution. The organic matter sources are dominated by marine input in the silt flat, artemisia schrenkiana flat, and the transition zone between silt and spartina alterniflora flat, and are controlled by terrigenous input in spartina alterniflora flat. Spartina alterniflora plays an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. In the study area, the annually increased TOC, organic matter and TN in the spartina alterniflora, artemisia schrenkiana and reed flats reach 6,451, 12,043 and 536 t, respectively. The amount of TOC, organic matter and TN accumulated in the spartina alterniflora flat is more than that in other ecological zones, which shows that the spartina alterniflora flat exert a non-replaceable effect on the material cycle and exchange in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(6): 51–56 [译自: 环境科学]     

基于多因子指数集成的流域面源污染风险研究

为掌握流域面源污染风险的整体趋势,基于风险评价时,单个因子对系统某种风险的贡献率可能大于1且因子对系统风险贡献呈一定结构性的问题,定义了风险标准值的概念和算法,建立了系统风险多因子集成评价方法,并在地理信息系统支持下对泸沽湖流域进行了案例研究.结果表明,泸沽湖流域面源污染流失风险处于较高的水平;系统风险多因子集成评价法在对多个同类系统间进行比较时,具有较大的优势;该方法可以与其他多种方法相结合对系统属性进行全面综合评价.     

低频环境噪声对思维判断能力的干扰影响

选取了3种典型的城市居住区设备低频噪声实样和声学仪器产生的白噪声,使用剂量作业法,分别测定了播放噪声和无噪声干扰2种环境下,被试者的思维能力指数(AYP)和错误率.研究结果显示,在噪声干扰的条件下,多数被试者的AYP较无噪声干扰时有所下降,错误率上升,二者差异显著.多数被试人员在3种噪声实样对比组中的平均AYP和错误率变化较白噪声的对比组中较明显,其中AYP差异达显著水平.由此认为低频成份是影响思维能力的主要频率成份.配对t检验和对实录样本的频谱分析结果表明,室外空调机噪声样本的影响程度最大,表明峰值频率在50～300 Hz频率段的低频环境噪声比其他噪声负面影响更大.