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551.
Anthropogenic radionuclides in seawater have been used as transient tracers of processes in the marine environment. Especially, plutonium in seawater is considered to be a valuable tracer of biogeochemical processes due to its particle-reactive properties. However, its behavior in the ocean is also affected by physical processes such as advection, mixing and diffusion. Here we introduce Pu/137Cs ratio as a proxy of biogeochemical processes and discuss its trends in the water column of the North Pacific Ocean. We observed that the 239,240Pu/137Cs ratio in seawater exponentially increased with increasing depth (depth range: 100–1000 m). This finding suggests that the profiles of the 239,240Pu/137Cs ratios in shallower waters directly reflect biogeochemical processes in the water column. A half-regeneration depth deduced from the curve fitting the observed data, showed latitudinal and longitudinal distributions, also related to biogeochemical processes in the water column. 相似文献
552.
Maria Luiza Duarte Pinto Godoy José Marcus Godoy Luiz Alfredo Roldão Luiz Tauhata 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes. An analytical method was developed with a plutonium and uranium separation procedure based on extraction chromatography (using 2 mL TEVA and UTEVA columns) and detection with a quadrupole ICP-MS applying an ultra-sonic nebulizer coupled with a membrane desolvation system. Starting from blank swipes, the background equivalent concentration (BEC) was 8 fg for 239Pu and 1 ng 238U. The method was successfully applied to certified reference materials as well as to round robin samples obtained in the framework of the inter-laboratory exercise program, promoted by the Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), together with the US Department of Energy (USDOE). After the introduction of an additional ion-exchange separation step, the methodology was applied to the IAEA-384 sediment reference sample with precise and accurate total plutonium and uranium, 240Pu/239Pu, 241Pu/239Pu, 234U/238U and 235U/238U atomic ratio results. 相似文献
553.
Today the resources are becoming scarcer, which should not be regarded as unexhausted any more. Correspondingly, the production would be constrained by the scarcity of resources clearly. Then the economic researchers would pay much more attention to reducing the consumption of natural resources in the future. Therefore this paper brings foreword the conception of elasticity ratio of resource consumption based on the concept of elasticity and analyzes the relationship between the parameters. For the certain relationships between the elasticity ratio of resource consumption and resource consumption, this paper will try to reveal, to keep economy growing while resource consumption reducing, what conditions should be met as to the relationships among resource productivity, its growth rate, energy saving efficiency, economic growth rate and elasticity ratio of resource consumption. This paper proves the relationship between the China's energy consumption and economy growth using statistic data from 1978 to 2003. 相似文献
554.
S.H.L. Yim J.C.H. Fung A.K.H. Lau S.C. Kot 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(32):4982-4994
The objective of this study is to investigate the air ventilation impacts of the so called “wall effect” caused by the alignment of high-rise buildings in complex building clusters. The research method employs the numerical algorithm of computational fluid dynamics (CFD – FLUENT) to simulate the steady-state wind field in a typical Hong Kong urban setting and investigate pollutant dispersion inside the street canyon utilizing a pollutant transport model. The model settings of validation study were accomplished by comparing the simulation wind field around a single building block to wind tunnel data. The results revealed that our model simulation is fairly close to the wind tunnel measurements. In this paper, a typical dense building distribution in Hong Kong with 2 incident wind directions (0° and 22.5°) is studied. Two performance indicators are used to quantify the air ventilation impacts, namely the velocity ratio (VR) and the retention time (Tr) of pollutants at the street level. The results indicated that the velocity ratio at 2 m above ground was reduced 40% and retention time of pollutants increased 80% inside the street canyon when high-rise buildings with 4 times height of the street canyon were aligned as a “wall” upstream. While this reduction of air ventilation was anticipated, the magnitude is significant and this result clearly has important implications for building and urban planning. 相似文献
555.
556.
COD浓度和进水流量比对一体化工艺脱氮除碳的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
保持进水总流量不变,以一定流量比同时从缺氧区和厌氧区进水,探讨了不同进水流量比(R=Q厌/Q缺)和进水COD浓度对中心岛式一体化OCO工艺脱氮除碳的影响。研究结果表明,进水COD浓度和进水流量比Rs对COD的去除效果影响不大,出水COD浓度一直稳定在50 mg/L以下,去除率在92%以上;进水COD浓度和进水流量比Rs共同决定着系统TN的去除效果,进水COD浓度为100 mg/L、200 mg/L时,TN去除率随着进水流量比Rs的减小呈增加的趋势;当进水COD浓度为 300 mg/L时,TN去除率随着进水流量比Rs的减小呈先升高后降低的趋势,在进水流量比Rs为3∶1时TN去除率最高,达到87%。 相似文献
557.
C/N对Carrousel 2000氧化沟同步脱氮除磷的影响研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
就C/N对Carrousel 2000氧化沟同步脱氮除磷的影响进行了研究。结果表明,进水C/N值在5~13之间时,进水C/N不影响氧化沟系统对NH3-N的去除效果。出水NH3-N浓度<1 mg/L,平均去除率达到97.40%。当C/N低于11时,TN、TP的去除率随C/N的升高而快速大幅提高,分别从5时的26.47%和14.99%升至11时的93.48%和97.03%。当C/N>11时,氧化沟TN去除率达到93.48%,TP去除率接近100%,氧化沟具有了良好的同步脱氮除磷的效果,出水水质满足国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002一级A标准)要求。TP去除率与TN去除率相关系数R2=0.985。 相似文献
558.
Sexual dimorphism has been linked to parasitoid mating structure by several authors. In turn mating structure has an important
influence on predicted sex ratio optima. Here we test the relationship between sexual dimorphism and sex ratio using data
from 19 species of bethylid wasps. Using phylogenetically based comparative methods we confirm the findings of a previous
cross-species analysis that sex ratio (proportion of males) is strongly and negatively correlated with clutch size. Using
cross-species comparisons we show an additional positive correlation of sex ratio and relative male size, as predicted. The
relationship however is not significant when using phylogenetically based methods. The cross-species result is largely due
to differences between two bethylid sub-families: the Epyrinae have relatively large males and relatively high sex ratios,
whereas the Bethylinae have relatively small males and lower sex ratios. Our study illustrates the benefits and drawbacks
of using cross-species versus phylogenetically based comparisons.
Received: 13 May 1997 / Accepted after revision: 12 January 1998 相似文献
559.
560.