燃煤流化床锅炉PAHs排放的试验研究

针对大型燃煤循环流化床锅炉，研究锅炉负荷和钙硫比对烟气中及电除器飞灰中多环芳烃含量和种类的影响，试验结果表明：随着锅炉负荷和钙硫比升高，烟气中和飞灰中多环芳烃的种类和含量减少，但负荷和钙硫比对烟气中和飞灰中多环芳烃的影响效果是不同的。     

合流制排水系统溢流调蓄技术研究及应用实例分析

排水系统雨天溢流对受纳水体的污染已日益受到关注。合流制排水系统溢流调蓄技术是控制面源污染．削减污染负荷的一项关键技术。建设调蓄池以减少排江污染负荷是重要的工程措施之一。文章介绍了调蓄池的原理和作用。并结合上海的实际情况，分析阐述了调蓄池的计算方法，为合流制排水系统面源污染控制提供技术支持，并可总结推广应用于上海及其他城市合流制排水系统污染物控制工程。     

塔里木天然气氮同位素组成与分布

利用制备气相色谱仪分离塔里木天然气中N2 并测定同位素比值 ,结果显示不同区域天然气氮的含量及其同位素比值不同 ,塔中、塔北与和田河地区天然气含氮量高 ,δ15N低 ,库车天然气则相反。结果还显示塔里木原油与天然气氮同位素比值具有可比性 ,表明同源油 气成因上的内在联系     

江苏省酸雨污染十五年趋势分析

根据江苏省的酸雨监测资料,对该省酸雨污染现状及“七五”末以来的变化趋势进行了分析,结果表明:淮河以南酸雨污染普遍重于淮河以北地区;“七五”末以来酸雨频率有降低的趋势,但降水酸度并未减弱;降水组份中,硫酸根离子当量浓度仍占首位,酸雨带来的污染和生态破坏未得到明显减轻。     

酒糟制取高蛋白菌体饲料优质菌种对碳源氮源利用率的研究

研究了8503和8505二白种在以白酒糟、薯干酒精糟及两糟混合的培养液中培养，对该酒糟培养液中还原糖的利用率和氮的转化率的分析检测方法．通过对绝于菌体质量的时变曲线与菌种对碳源利用率和氮源转化率的时变曲线的对比研究，可以看到该菌种在酒糟培养液中对碳源和氮源的利用率与转化率的规律性，经48h或72h发酵后碳源利用率可达90％左右，本实验最高达92．92％，氮源转化率一般可达50％～70％，本实验最高达68.41％，每100ml培养液中绝干菌体质量最高达0.78399。     

液体旋流分离器内部流场分布的测试与研究

改变传统的利用皮托管插入法对流场分布的测试方法 ,利用激光流速计分别对两种具有代表性的液体旋流分离器的切线方向和轴线方向的流场分布进行了测试 ,得到了精确的结果。为分析、研究和提高旋流分离器的性能 ,提供了最基本的和最有效的数据     

Relationships between indoor and outdoor air pollution by carcinogenic PAHs and PCBs

PAHs and PCBs were collected simultaneously indoors and outdoors at eight non-smoking homes located in four buildings in high-traffic areas of Rome. The purpose was to evaluate the relevance of indoor air in contributing to the overall exposure of the urban population. The vertical distribution was also investigated by collecting outdoor samples at both road and roof level, and indoor samples in both a high and a low floor flat of each building. At one coal-heated building, samples were collected during both the heating and the non-heating season. No evident PAH source was present indoors. Indoor and outdoor daily concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) ranged, respectively, 0.1–4.6 ng m⁻³ and 0.7–2.3 ng m⁻³. With the heating on, indoor PAH concentrations equalled or exceeded those outdoors, with BaP indoor/outdoor ratios up to 4; during the warm season, ratios decreased to 0.2–0.6. Indoor PAHs at the low floors exceeded the high-floor ones when the heating was off (vehicle exhausts being the dominant source), while being equal or lower with the heating on; the vertical gradient of indoor PAHs between different floors was within a factor of 2. Outdoor PAHs at roof level were 20–70% of those at road level, which in turn exceeded those at the medium-traffic station up to a factor of 4. The outdoor concentrations of Σ6 indicator PCBs ranged 0.1–1.6 ng m⁻³. Indoor PCB concentrations exceeded those outdoors by an approximate factor of 2–50. No vertical gradient was observed. The results indicated that indoor air may contribute to the overall exposure to PAHs and PCBs more than the urban air. They were also consistent with recent findings suggesting that indoor air can be a relevant source of PCBs for outdoor air.     

Removal process estimation of population size for a population with a known sex ratio

A removal model for estimating population size which uses the known population sex ratio is studied. A maximum likelihood estimate and an optimal martingale estimate of the population size are proposed. Their standard errors and large sample properties are obtained. Simulation studies are reported, and the performance of the proposed estimators are compared with the standard maximum likelihood estimator which ignores the sex ratio information. An example on a capture study of deer mice is given.     

The effects of castration, sex ratio and population density on social segregation and habitat use in Soay sheep

We analysed 16 years of census data gathered on the island of Hirta (archipelago of St. Kilda) to investigate the effects of castration, population density, sex ratio, season and group type on habitat use and social segregation of Soay sheep. From 1978 to 1980, 72 male lambs were castrated. We used this experiment to study how a change in reproductive status could affect sociality and habitat choice of these males. Males, females and castrates were all segregated outside the rutting season in autumn. Castrates were the least segregated from females in spring and summer but were most segregated from them during the pre-rut. The more equal the sex ratios, the higher was the degree of social segregation. The three sex classes used similar habitat types, namely, Holcus agrostis, Agrostis festuca and Calluna habitats. Holcus agrostis and Agrostis festuca were top- and second-ranked in female and castrate habitat use, while Holcus agrostis and Calluna were the two top habitat types used by rams. It is unclear why males included Calluna heath habitats, but it cannot be excluded that they might have shifted their use depending on forage availability. A lack in differences in habitat use between castrates and females suggests that body size differences alone cannot be the driving factor for habitat segregation in male and female Soay sheep and that there are reasons other than body size that could motivate reproductive males to use additional habitat types, such as Calluna heath. Although habitat use shifted from one habitat type to the next between low- and high-population-density years and between seasons, there was no clear link between population density and how different groups (male, female or castrate) used these areas. We discuss effects of reproductive status, population density and sex ratio on social segregation and habitat use and suggest that these factors need to be taken into account when investigating causes of sexual segregation in ungulates.     

雌雄异株植物与性别比例有关的性别差异研究现状与展望

雌雄异株植物是陆地生态系统的重要组分,自然种群中其雌雄个体的性别比例通常为1∶1,但随水分、养分、CO2浓度、温度、光照和干扰水平等的不同而有所不同.一般来说,在逆境下性别比例偏雄性,这是雌雄异株植物性别分离的常见模式.雌雄异株植物不同性别间的差异主要体现在:(1)存活率,(2)形态特征,(3)生理生化特性,(4)物候期,(5)资源分配模式等方面,但对于雌雄个体差异的分子机理未见报道.这些差异导致了雌雄植株个体环境适应性的不同,从而表现为在不同环境下雌雄异株植物性别比例偏倚的现象.基于此,可结合不同树种雌雄性的不同用途,开展有关研究.参59