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831.
基于试验观测的光合有效辐射特征分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
光合有效辐射是生物、生态和农业常用的重要参数,常规气象资料中没有该资料,实测结果也比较少,以往多采用经验气候学计算获得。论文基于固城站观测辐射资料,对光合有效辐射特征分析的结果表明:光合有效辐射(PAR)占总辐射(Q)的比值(ηPAR)分布呈近似钟型,有60%的比值分布在0.35~0.45之间。ηPARPARPARPARPAR)与Q的关系为:全年QPAR=0.40Q,生长季QPAR=0.41Q,这一结果与以往国内一些实测结果相近。论文用此值重新评估华北平原光合生产潜力的结果表明,以往估算光合生产潜力常采用ηPAR 相似文献
832.
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834.
835.
The Ozegahara peatland, in the Nikko-Oze National Park in Japan, is ecologically significant because of its oligotrophic environment; it is one of the most strictly preserved areas in the country. The isotope ratio of nitrogen (15N/14N) and carbon (13C/12C) and C/N ratio of peat moss (Sphagnum spp.) and sundew (Drosera rotundifolia) in the peatland were analyzed. The correlation of the isotope ratio with some parameters (sundew population density, number of trapped insects, water level, bog myrtle coverage, and visitor density) was investigated. The nitrogen isotope ratio of sundew showed the most significant covariation with visitor density, where sundew from lunch areas or along busy walkways showed a higher nitrogen isotope ratio. The nitrogen isotope ratio of peat moss covaried, not only with route traffic frequency but also with water level, bog myrtle coverage, and number of trapped insects by sundew, indicating that factors other than the visitor level influence the local nitrogen cycle. This study suggests that the nitrogen imported into the peatland by visitors is a principal factor to be monitored for the maintenance of the natural environment. 相似文献
836.
To investigate the effects of cylinders placed parallel to the venting direction on the structural response of the vessel walls to an explosion, 25 batches of vented explosion tests were conducted in a 1 m3 rectangular vessel. Two types of structural response with different amplitudes and frequency distributions were observed and evaluated by comparing the vibration data with both the pressure data and high-speed videos. A low-amplitude structural response of approximately 150–250 m/s2, which increased slightly as VBR increased, was triggered by a combination of the initial flame propagation, external explosion, Helmholtz oscillations, and the Taylor instability. A high-amplitude structural response of approximately 9500 m/s2 was also observed, which decreased sharply as VBR increased. Additionally, the high amplitude response was never observed when more than two cylinders were present in the vessel. The high amplitude response was triggered due to the coupling between the acoustic wave, the flame, and the resonance of the vessel. The presence of obstacles did not increase the severity of the structural responses under the current experimental conditions. To the contrary, the presence of obstacles in the container attenuated or even inhibited the high-amplitude vibration of the container caused by the explosion. 相似文献
837.
为了探究长径比对油气爆炸传播特性与火焰传播规律的影响,为复杂管道受限空间油气爆炸防控提供理论参考,结合油气爆炸与爆炸抑制工程实际需要,构建不同长径比管道油气爆炸模拟实验系统,在此基础上开展不同初始浓度的预混油气-空气混合气爆炸实验。研究结果表明:管道内部的预混油气爆炸超压信号呈先上升后下降的趋势,由于耗散以及憋压效应导致超压下降平稳后仍大于初始压力;同时长径比增加会导致达到最大爆炸超压的油气浓度增加,油气爆炸超压峰值随着长径比的增加呈现上升→下降→上升的规律,小长径比管道的油气爆炸超压峰值高于大长径比管道,但同为小长径比管道或大长径比管道工况的实验结果对比显示爆炸超压峰值随着长径比增加而提升;而超压上升速率则会随着长径比的增加而上升;长径比的增加同时也会促进火焰的加速传播并减小火焰持续时间。 相似文献
838.
Zhihao Si Xinshan Song Xin Cao Yuhui Wang Yifei Wang Yufeng Zhao Xiaoyan Ge Awet Arefe Tesfahunegn 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):4
839.
The characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) during a winter period in a suburb of Xi'an, China, were investigated. Our results show that the total mass concentration of the dominant WSIIs (8) was 91.27 µg m–3, accounting for 50.1% of the total mass concentration of PM2.5 (particulates with a size of 2.5 µm or less). Secondary inorganic aerosols (SO42?, NO3? and NH4+) were the most abundant ions, accounting for up to 95.12% of the total ions. By using the anion and cation equivalence ratio method, PM2.5 was shown to have weak alkalinity, and the chemical forms of WSIIs were mainly (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3. The sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) suggested that larger proportions of SO42? and NO3? were formed by gas-phase SO2 and NO2 in the sampling site. Ratio analysis also indicated that anthropogenic sources significantly contributed to WSII pollution. Among the anthropogenic sources, fixed pollution sources were found to be dominant over mobile sources. 相似文献
840.
Ion adsorption components in liquid/solid systems 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
Experiments on Zn^2+ and Cd^2+ adsorptions on vermiculite in aqueous solutions were conducted to investigate the widely observed adsorbent concentration effect on the traditionally defined adsorption isotherm in the adsorbate range 25--500 mg/L and adsorbent range 10--150 g/L. The results showed that the equilibrium ion adsorption density did not correspond to a unique equilibrium ion concentration in liquid phase. Three adsorbate/adsorbent ratios, the equilibrium adsorption density, the ratio of equilibrium adsorbate concentration in liquid phase to adsorbent concentration, and the ratio of initial adsorbate concentration to adsorbent concentration, were found to be related with unique values in the tested range. Based on the assumption that the equilibrium state of a liquid/solid adsorption system is determined by four mutually related components: adsorbate in liquid phase, adsorbate in solid phase, uncovered adsorption site and covered adsorption site, and that the equilibrium chemical potentials of these components should be equalized, a new model was presented for describing ion adsorption isotherm in liquid/solid systems. The proposed model fit well the experimental data obtained from the examined samples. 相似文献